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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with intermittent and light smoking among Korean high school students.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we employed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, and used the biopsychosocial model as a framework. The analysis was performed using the data of 2,851 high school students who smoked. We defined intermittent and light smoking as smoking on 1 to 29 days in a 30-day period and no more than 10 cigarettes per day. A logistic regression analysis using the complex samples procedure was conducted.
Results
Among all the participants, 1,231 (43.2%) were intermittent and light smokers. Factors significantly predicting intermittent and light smoking were gender and grade (biological factors); subjective stress (psychological factor); and mother's smoking, sibling's smoking and academic achievement (sociocultural factors).
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Table 1.
Measurement of Biopsychosocial Factors
Table 2.
Characteristics of Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural Factors (N=2,851)
| Variables | Categories | Intermittent and light smoker (n=1,231) | Intermittent and heavy smokers (n=86) | Daily and light smokers (n=1,109) | Daily and heavy smokers (n=425) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n†(%)‡ | n†(%)‡ | n†(%)‡ | n†(%)‡ | ||
| Biological factors | |||||
| Gender | Male | 989 (80.2) | 65 (77.1) | 931 (84.3) | 354 (83.7) |
| Female | 242 (19.8) | 21 (22.9) | 178 (15.7) | 71 (16.3) | |
| Grade | 1st | 355 (29.1) | 30 (34.4) | 219 (19.1) | 96 (22.8) |
| 2nd | 405 (32.4) | 22 (26.1) | 395 (35.4) | 142 (34.9) | |
| 3rd | 471 (38.5) | 34 (39.5) | 495 (45.5) | 187 (42.3) | |
| Psychological factors | |||||
| Perceived health status | Healthy | 877 (72.3) | 58 (68.4) | 771 (68.5) | 294 (68.7) |
| Fair | 274 (21.8) | 19 (20.7) | 263 (24.2) | 84 (19.1) | |
| Poor | 80 (5.9) | 9 (10.9) | 75 (7.3) | 47 (12.2) | |
| Subjective stress | High | 500 (41.2) | 38 (40.3) | 480 (43.9) | 209 (47.6) |
| Low | 535 (42.8) | 31 (41.0) | 438 (39.6) | 142 (33.4) | |
| None | 196 (16.0) | 17 (18.7) | 191 (16.5) | 74 (19.0) | |
| Depressive symptoms (in a year) | Yes | 401 (33.6) | 50 (53.1) | 398 (35.9) | 186 (44.2) |
| No | 830 (66.4) | 36 (46.9) | 711 (64.1) | 239 (55.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption (in 30 days) | Yes | 807 (64.9) | 66 (74.3) | 833 (75.0) | 366 (84.3) |
| No | 424 (35.1) | 20 (25.7) | 276 (25.0) | 59 (15.7) | |
| Sociocultural factors | |||||
| Family socioeconomic status | High | 392 (33.0) | 34 (42.9) | 340 (32.0) | 165 (38.9) |
| Middle | 558 (44.1) | 30 (34.5) | 511 (45.1) | 156 (37.1) | |
| Low | 281 (22.9) | 22 (22.6) | 258 (22.9) | 104 (24.0) | |
| Father's educational level | ≤Middle school | 59 (4.6) | 8 (11.7) | 63 (4.8) | 29 (7.0) |
| High school | 558 (42.7) | 36 (35.7) | 505 (44.5) | 208 (45.8) | |
| ≥College | 614 (52.7) | 42 (52.6) | 541 (50.7) | 188 (47.2) | |
| Mother's educational level | ≤Middle school | 36 (2.9) | 9 (8.5) | 52 (4.3) | 23 (6.0) |
| High school | 687 (55.3) | 43 (54.1) | 625 (56.3) | 240 (52.6) | |
| ≥College | 508 (41.8) | 34 (37.4) | 432 (39.4) | 162 (41.4) | |
| Father's smoking | Yes | 584 (46.9) | 29 (33.9) | 575 (51.3) | 224 (49.7) |
| No | 647 (53.1) | 57 (66.1) | 534 (48.7) | 201 (50.3) | |
| Mother's smoking | Yes | 54 (4.2) | 10 (8.5) | 83 (7.2) | 50 (10.8) |
| No | 1,177 (95.8) | 76 (91.5) | 1,026 (92.8) | 375 (89.2) | |
| Sibling's smoking | Yes | 160 (12.5) | 15 (16.2) | 160 (14.6) | 91 (19.9) |
| No | 1,071 (87.5) | 71 (83.8) | 949 (85.4) | 334 (80.1) | |
| Exposure of second handed smoking at home | Yes | 478 (38.1) | 57 (66.4) | 430 (37.0) | 210 (48.8) |
| No | 753 (61.9) | 29 (33.6) | 679 (63.0) | 215 (51.2) | |
| Smoking of close friend | All | 43 (3.6) | 28 (35.7) | 166 (14.7) | 153 (37.1) |
| Most | 468 (38.3) | 36 (40.6) | 674 (60.8) | 221 (49.2) | |
| Some | 671 (54.1) | 17 (18.6) | 243 (21.8) | 41 (10.6) | |
| None | 49 (4.0) | 5 (5.1) | 26 (2.7) | 10 (3.1) | |
| Observing teachers and other staff smoking at school | Yes | 674 (55.3) | 63 (74.9) | 694 (64.4) | 293 (67.2) |
| No | 557 (44.7) | 23 (25.1) | 415 (35.6) | 132 (32.8) | |
| Academic achievement | High | 338 (27.8) | 25 (29.4) | 230 (20.0) | 102 (23.2) |
| Middle | 332 (26.9) | 23 (32.7) | 281 (26.7) | 79 (19.9) | |
| Low | 561 (45.3) | 38 (37.9) | 598 (53.3) | 244 (56.9) | |
| Participation in anti-smoking education (in a year) | Yes | 737 (58.6) | 34 (39.4) | 667 (58.6) | 244 (56.9) |
| No | 494 (41.4) | 52 (60.6) | 442 (41.4) | 181 (43.1) |
Table 3.
Associated Factors on Intermittent and Light Smoking among High School Students (N=2,851)
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