Development and Preliminary Evaluation of Smartphone Application-Based Nutrition Education Material for Twin Pregnancy

So Yeon Kim; Ju Hee Kim

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2018.24.1.1

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Kim and Kim: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of Smartphone Application-Based Nutrition Education Material for Twin Pregnancy

Orginal Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2018;24(1):1-13.

Published online: 20 March 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2018.24.1.1

Development and Preliminary Evaluation of Smartphone Application-Based Nutrition Education Material for Twin Pregnancy

So Yeon Kim¹, Ju Hee Kim^2,

¹National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan

²College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Ju Hee College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02453, Korea. Tel: +82-2-961-0461, Fax: +82-2-961-9398, E-mail: juheekim@khu.ac.kr

Received 14 September 201720 December 2017 Accepted 3 March 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To develop educational material about nutrition during antepartum period for women pregnant with twins by using smartphone applications.

Methods

A series of steps according to ADDIE model, including Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation were used to develop smartphone application of antepartum nutrition care for women pregnant with twins.

Results

Based on experts' evaluation, the average score was 4.6±0.39 in total. Content score was 4.7±0.40. Interface design score was 4.5±0.55. Content score was higher than interface design score. User evaluation was conducted in the form of interview. Results of interviews revealed that users generally responded positively to the accuracy, understanding, and objectivity for content items of the smartphone app. As for the evaluation of consistency for the evaluation item of interface design, users answered “ordinary” or “generally yes”. For design suitability and accuracy of vocabulary, they answered ‘generally suitable'.

Conclusion

The smart-phone app developed through this study is expected to aid antepartum care for women pregnant with twins. It will also contribute to health promotion of both pregnant women and twin fetus.

Keywords: Pregnancy, Twins, Nutrition, Smartphone, Mobile applications

References

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Figure 1.

Development process of the smartphone application.

Figure 2.

Smartphone application screen.

Table 1.

Expert Evaluation of Smartphone Application-based Nutrition Education Material for Twin Pregnancy (N=15)

Scope		Evaluation questions	M±SD
Contents	Accuracy	․ The health management information is reliable.	4.73±0.46
		․ The health management information is clear.	4.73±0.46
		Average of accuracy	4.73±0.42
	Understand-ability	․ It is easy to understand the health management information.	4.80±0.41
		․ The health-related terms are familiar to general people.	4.53±0.52
		․ The health management information is easy to read for general people.	4.67±0.49
		Average of understand-ability	4.67±0.42
	Objectivity	․ The health management information is professional information.	4.73±0.46
		․ The health management information is systematic and concrete.	4.53±0.64
		․ There is a mark which informs it is the information provided by the	4.80±0.41
		authoritative institution.
		․ Medical professionals are providing the health information.	4.73±0.46
		Average of objectivity	4.70±0.42
	Average of contents		4.69±0.40
Interface design	Consistency	․ There is a consistency in the color, arrangement, and expressive way.	4.60±0.63
		․ The arrangement of the icons in the app was designed to be unified with	4.47±0.74
		the entire app design.
		․ Icons in the app were grouped consistently.	4.60±0.63
		Average of consistency	4.56±0.65
	Design suitability	․ Contents were arranged for the sequential approach to be possible so it is	4.40±0.74
		easy to understand logically.
		․ It clearly expressed what the icon meant.	4.40±0.83
		․ The letters used for the app were in a readable size and font for readers.	4.47±0.74
		․ The visual element makes the user comfortable.	4.33±0.72
		․ The user can apprehend the app's structure at a look.	4.60±0.51
		Average of design suitability	4.44±0.62
	Vocabulary accuracy	․ The phrase used for the app is concise.	4.47±0.64
		․ The phase used for the app is correct.	4.60±0.51
		․ The phase used for the app accords with the grammar.	4.67±0.49
		Average of vocabulary accuracy	4.58±0.48
	Average of interface design		4.50±0.55
Overall average			4.59±0.39

Table 2.

User Evaluation of Smartphone Application-based Nutrition Education Material for Twin Pregnancy (N=16)

Scope		interview results
Contents	Accuracy	․ In general, Health care information seems to be credible and clear enough to understand.
		․ Most of the educational contents were useful and it seems well organized. It was especially
		good as the educational material is targeted at pregnant women with twins.
		․ Educational contents seem to be credible, on the whole.
Understand-ability		․ It was not difficult to understand the educational contents in the smartphone app.
		․ No contents was hard to understand.
		․ Most of the educational contents was easy to understand.
	Objectivity	․ Description about a contents validity verifier and source of the educational contents give
		much credibility. Particularly the information about how much weight to gain during the
		pregnancy, based on the weight information prior to the pregnancy, was so useful.
		․ Generally women pregnant with twins are more concerned about babies' weight compared
		to singleton pregnancies because twins tend to be smaller than single babies. So I think it
		would be great to add a list of week-by-week guideline for checking whether my babies are
		growing well with an ultrasound scan result.
		․ I found the information of the educational contents was provided by authoritative bodies
		and health information was also provided by health care-related experts. I think adding a
		list of appropriate weight of twin babies would be also very useful.
Interface	Consistency	․ Color and design of the smartphone app looks consistent and unified.
design		․ It seems color, layout, way to express, and design consistency are normal.
		․ The app's icons layout coheres with the overall design of the app, and all of them are
		well-organized and grouped consistently.
	Design suitability	․ A menu select button lets me easily access the educational contents which I want to get to.
		Especially I liked the illustration on the educational contents.
		․ There wasn't meaningful difficulties in using the smartphone app. However, it was
		inconvenient to guess how much contents remain to see, because page numbers are not
		shown.
		․ In general, design looks suitable. But it was inconvenient to go through the pages and the
		text size seemed quite small.
	Vocabulary accuracy	․ It seems it has too many texts. I think it would be better to add more visual elements.
		Probably many people wouldn't read all.
		․ I think the words used in the app are clear and grammatically correct. But it has too many
		texts. I want it to have more illustrations.
		․ I think the words used in the app are simple and clear, and grammatically correct.

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