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Abstract
Purpose
This research investigated the degree and predictors of hot flashes and hypogonadism symptoms in patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy.
Methods
The subjects were 111 patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy in two university hospitals located in D city. The measurement tools included Hot Flash Diary and AMS (Aging Male's Symptoms rating scales). The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis.
Results
The percentage of patients who experienced hot flashes among the participants was 14.4%. The predictors for hot flashes were eating irregularly, having coffee frequently and the types of hormone. The average score of hypogonadism symptom was 2.16 out of five-point scale and the highest score of hypogonadism symptom was the sexual symptoms (2.77 out of five-point scale). The predictors for hypogonadism symptom were eating habits and years of having the illness.
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Table 1.
Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy with Hot Flashes (N=16)
Table 2.
Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy with Hypogonadism Symptoms (N=111)
Table 3.
Hot Flashes and Hypogonadism Symptoms according to General Characteristics in Prostate Cancer Patients Receivin Hormone Therapy (N=111
| Characteristics | Categories | Hot flashes | DTS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=16) | No (n=95) | x2 (p†) | M±SD | t or F (p) Scheffé | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Age (year) | 60~69 | 5 (31.2) | 16 (16.8) | 2.62 | 2.42±0.61 | 2.32 |
| 70~79 | 9 (56.3) | 53 (55.8) | (.263) | 2.13±0.67 | (.103) | |
| 80~89 | 2 (12.5) | 26 (27.4) | 2.02±0.65 | |||
| M±SD | 75.2±6.71 | |||||
| Body Mass Index | Normal weight | 8 (50.0) | 41 (43.2) | 0.43 | 2.15±0.60 | 0.72 |
| Overweight | 4 (25.0) | 31 (32.6) | (.888) | 2.08±0.74 | (.488) | |
| Obesity | 4 (25.0) | 23 (24.2) | 2.28±0.67 | |||
| Spouse | Have | 13 (81.3) | 77 (81.1) | 2.28 | 2.20±0.66 | 1.36 |
| Have not | 3 (18.7) | 18 (18.9) | (.319) | 1.98±0.68 | (.176) | |
| Education lever | ≤Elementary school | 3 (18.7) | 28 (29.5) | 0.88 | 2.13±0.56 | 0.32 |
| Middle school | 6 (37.5) | 28 (29.5) | (.701) | 2.11±0.73 | (.720) | |
| ≥High school | 7 (43.8) | 39 (41.0) | 2.22±0.69 | |||
| Religion | Protestant & catholic | 4 (25.0) | 21 (22.1) | 1.28 | 2.09±0.78 | 0.17 |
| Buddhism | 7 (43.8) | 31 (32.6) | (.510) | 2.19±0.66 | (.839) | |
| None | 5 (31.2) | 43 (45.3) | 2.17±0.62 | |||
| Smoking status | Smoker | 4 (25.0) | 15 (15.8) | 0.81 | 2.35±0.69 | 1.35 |
| Nonsmoker | 12 (75.0) | 80 (84.2) | (.471) | 2.12±0.65 | (.178) | |
| Drinking status (1 week) | Rare | 9 (56.3) | 66 (69.5) | 1.61) | 2.07±0.63 | 2.35) |
| ≤1 time | 5 (31.2) | 18 (18.9) | (.450) | 2.41±0.75 | (.100) | |
| ≥2 times | 2 (12.5) | 11 (11.6) | 2.21±0.64 | |||
| Eating habits | Regular | 11 (68.8) | 69 (72.6) | 6.92 | 2.04±0.63 | 16.20 |
| Average | 2 (12.5) | 24 (25.3) | (.029) | 2.34±0.64 | (＜.001) | |
| Irregular | 3 (18.7) | 2 (2.1) | 3.16±0.30 | a＞b, c | ||
| Nutrition | Balance | 10 (62.5) | 36 (37.9) | 3.14 | 2.09±0.67 | 1.75 |
| Average | 5 (31.3) | 43 (45.3) | (.217) | 2.29±0.59 | (.178) | |
| Unbalance | 1 (6.2) | 16 (16.8) | 1.98±0.80 | |||
| Feeding habit | Vegetarian | 9 (56.3) | 34 (35.8) | 2.41 | 2.33±0.66 | -2.17 |
| A meat-eater | 7 (43.7) | 61 (64.2) | (.166) | 2.05±0.63 | (.032) | |
| Taste preference | Evenly among all | 10 (62.5) | 61 (64.3) | 0.49 | 2.10±0.68 | 0.74 |
| Sweetness | 4 (25.0) | 18 (18.9) | (.855) | 2.22±0.62 | (.476) | |
| The others | 2 (12.5) | 16 (16.8) | 2.31±0.66 | |||
| Water intake (1 day) | ＜1 L | 5 (31.2) | 36 (37.9) | 1.78 | 2.22±0.58 | 2.73 |
| 1~2 L | 7 (43.8) | 47 (49.5) | (.396) | 2.03±0.68 | (.070) | |
| ＞2 L | 4 (25.0) | 12 (12.6) | 2.45±0.74 | |||
| Coffee intake (1 day) | ≤1 cup | 4 (25.0) | 56 (59.0) | 8.09 | 2.12±0.66 | 1.12 |
| 2 cups | 5 (31.2) | 24 (25.2) | (.013) | 2.09±0.71 | (.329) | |
| ≥3 cups | 7 (43.8) | 15 (15.8) | 2.35±0.61 | |||
| Regular exercise (1 week) | ＜3 times | 5 (31.2) | 25 (26.3) | 0.16 | 2.05±0.58 | -1.01 |
| ≥3 times | 11 (68.8) | 70 (73.7) | (.762) | 2.20±0.69 | (.314) | |
| Duration of treatment since diagnosis (year) | ＜1 | 9 (56.3) | 37 (38.9) | 1.52 | 2.01±0.63 | 3.50 |
| 1~5 | 5 (31.2) | 41 (43.2) | (.457) | 2.18±0.64 | (.033) | |
| ＞5 | 2 (12.5) | 17 (17.9) | 2.48±0.70 | a＜c | ||
| Duration of hormone therapy (year) | ＜1 | 10 (62.5) | 47 (49.5) | 0.93 | 2.05±0.64 | -1.84 |
| ≥1 | 6 (37.5) | 48 (50.5) | (.422) | 2.28±0.68 | (.068) | |
| Kinds of hormones | LHRH agonist | 14 (87.5) | 50 (52.6) | 0.68 | 2.22±0.65 | 1.10 |
| Antiandrogen | 2 (12.5) | 45 (47.4) | (.012) | 2.08±0.69 | (.272) | |
| Additional treatment | No | 10 (62.5) | 56 (59.0) | 1.69 | 2.21±0.69 | 0.50 |
| Yes | 4 (25.0) | 16 (16.8) | (.417) | 2.04±0.65 | (.606) | |
| Operation radiotherapy | y 2 (12.5) | 23 (24.2) | 2.13±0.61 | |||
Table 4.
Influencing Factors of Hot Flashes in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy by Binary Logistic Regression Analysis (N=111)
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