The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses

Kyoung Ju Lee; Miyoung Kim

doi:10.7469/KJAN.2014.26.1.46

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Lee and Kim: The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses

Original Research

Korean J Adult Nurs 2014;26(1):46-57.

Published online: 18 February 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/KJAN.2014.26.1.46

The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses

Kyoung Ju Lee¹, Miyoung Kim^2,

^¹The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul

^²Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Miyoung Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3277-6694, Fax: +82-3277-2850, E-mail: mykim0808@ewha.ac.kr

Received 19 July 20139 January 2014 Accepted 15 February 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was to investigate the influence of male nurses’ gender role conflict and job satisfaction on their organizational commitment.

Methods

Data were collected through a mixed method design using structured questionnaires (N=162) and a sequential qualitative interviews (N=8) from 2nd October, 2012 to 7th February, 2013. Data analysis included t-test, ANOVA, regression with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program and a qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

Factors affecting participants’ organizational commitment were job satisfaction and marital status which accounted for 36.2% of the total variance. In particular, low job satisfaction was not correlated with low organizational commitment despite lower job satisfaction. Three main themes connoting meanings of ambivalence were extracted from the data: desiring for the better future in spite of the current difficulty, strengthening their masculinity in tandem with complementing femininity in the midst of gender role conflict, leading their organization at times, and enduring hard work with responsibility for raising their family as a head of household.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that male nurses' adjustment to the organization is controlled by ambivalence. It is essential to understand sociocultural contexts of male nurses as a minority in nursing fields for further research.

Keywords: Gender role, Job satisfaction, Male nurses, Organization

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Figure 1.

Mixed method design guided by a deductive core component (QUAN) and a sequential inductive supplemental component (qual).

Table 1.

Differences in Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment according to General Characteristics (N=162)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	Gender role conflict		Job satisfaction		Organizational commitment
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Age (year)	＜30^a ^b	82 (50.6)	116.7±23.4	1.24	3.0±0.4	1.58	3.1±0.5	4.57
	30~34^b	54 (33.3)	117.6±21.1	(.291)	3.0±0.4	(.209)	3.1±0.6	(.012)
	≥35^c	26 (16.0)	109.2±23.0		2.9±0.5		3.5±0.8	c＞a, b
Marital status	Single	110 (67.9)	115.6±21.7	-0.20	3.1±0.4	2.79	3.0±0.6	-4.10
Marital status	Married	52 (32.1)	116.3±24.7	(.845)	2.9±0.4	(.007)	3.4±0.1	(＜.001)
Educational background	3~year college^a ^b	81 (50.0)	111.9±22.8	2.56	3.0±0.5	1.29	3.1±0.6	3.19
	University^b	71 (43.8)	119.1±20.5	(.081)	3.0±0.4	(.277)	3.2±0.6	(.044)
	Postgraduate^c	10 (6.2)	123.9±30.7		2.8±0.4		3.5±0.7	c＞a
Previous major	No	107 (66.0)	118.4±21.5	1.99	3.0±0.4	1.59	3.1±0.5	-0.76
Previous major	Yes	55 (34.0)	110.7±24.1	(.048)	2.9±0.5	(.116)	3.2±0.7	(.451)
Type of hospital	Advanced general hospital	103 (63.6)	116.2±23.6	1.16	3.0±0.4	1.99	3.2±0.5	2.88
	General hospital	41 (25.3)	117.9±20.4	(.326)	3.1±0.4	(.118)	3.0±0.6	(.038)
	Medium size hospital	16 (9.9)	111.4±20.7		3.1±0.5		3.1±0.9
Type of department	Nursing department^a	132 (81.5)	115.4±22.6	1.39	3.0±0.4	3.92	3.1±0.6	1.46
	Medical department^b	12 (7.4)	123.9±20.0	(.264)	2.7±0.3	(.010)	3.5±0.6	(.230)
	Deployed medical	13 (8.0)	117.5±23.9		3.0±0.4	a＞b	3.2±0.6
	department at times^c Others^d	5 (3.1)	98.5±23.7		2.7±0.5		3.4±0.8
Working department	General ward^a	22 (13.6)	119.8±22.7	1.32	3.3±0.4	5.89	3.0±0.6	2.76
	Outpatient department^b	20 (12.3)	123.0±18.4	(.259)	3.0±0.5	(＜.001)	3.1±0.8	(.020)
	Operation & anesthesis^c	46 (28.4)	113.7±23.1		3.0±0.4	a＞d, f	3.2±0.6
	Emergency department^d ^e	24 (14.8)	111.6±23.9		2.9±0.3		3.1±0.5
	ICU^e	35 (21.6)	118.3±22.6		3.0±0.4		3.1±0.6
	Others^f	15 (9.3)	106.0±22.9		2.60±0.3		3.6±0.6
Position	General RN	142 (87.7)	116.5±22.5	0.68	3.0±0.4	0.77	3.2±0.6	0.16
Position	Above charge nurse	19 (11.7)	111.6±23.9	(.508)	2.9±0.5	(.444)	3.2±0.9	(.853)
Length of career experience (year)	＜1	36 (22.2)	116.1±26.6	0.08	3.0±0.5	0.26	2.0±0.7	2.94
	1~＜4	47 (29.0)	115.6±21.6	(.972)	3.0±0.4	(.852)	3.1±0.6	(.035)
	4~＜7	43 (26.5)	114.6±20.9		3.0±0.4		3.2±0.6
	≥7	36 (22.2)	117.2±22.1		3.0±0.4		3.4±0.5
Type of shift	Regular full-time	59 (36.4)	114.7±21.1	0.10	2.9±0.4	1.88	3.2±0.7	0.87
	3 Shifts	98 (60.5)	116.5±23.2	(.905)	3.2±0.5	(.155)	3.1±0.6	(.422)
	Others	5 (3.1)	115.6±32.8		3.0±0.4		3.0±0.8
Monthly wage (ten thousand)	＜200^a	23 (14.2)	106.3±20.0	1.71	3.1±0.4	4.01	3.0±0.5	4.95
	200~250^b	55 (34.0)	118.2±23.1	(.167)	3.1±0.4	(.009)	3.0±0.6	(.003)
	251~300^c	45 (27.8)	116.0±21.4		2.9±0.4	b＞c	3.3±0.5	c, d＞b
	≥301^d	39 (24.1)	118.3±24.2		2.9±0.5		3.3±0.6

Table 2.

Scores for Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

Variables	Categories	M±SD
Gender role conflict	Conflicts in work-family	22.1±6.3
	balance
	Success, power, competition	29.1±6.8
	Strong responsibility for	13.6±3.2
	raising family
	Suppression of emotional	21.3±7.0
	display
	Suppression of affection to	10.2±4.4
	males
	Male Chauvinism	18.7±6.5
	Total	115.8±22.6
Job satisfaction	Workload	3.5±0.6
	Adminstration	3.3±0.6
	Salary	3.2±0.9
	Relationship between nurses	2.8±0.9
	and doctors
	Autonomy	2.7±0.6
	Professional status	2.7±0.9
	Interaction	2.7±0.7
	Total	3.0±0.4
Organizational commitment	Affection	3.4±0.7
	Continuance	3.1±0.9
	Identification	3.0±0.7
	Total	3.2±0.6

Table 3.

Correlations among Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

Variables	Gender role conflict	Job satisfaction	Organizational commitment
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Gender role conflict	1.000
Job satisfaction	.27 (.001)	1.000
Organizational commitment	-.13 (.117)	-.59 (＜.001)	1.000

Table 4.

Factors Influencing on Participants's Organizational Commitment (N=162)

Variables	Organizational commitment
Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	5.11	.35		14.45	＜.001
Job satisfaction	-0.77	.10	-.52	-7.57	＜.001	.96	1.05
Marital status^†	0.27	.09	.21	3.00	.003	.96	1.05
R²=.60, Adj. R²=.36, F=39.65

Dummy variables of reference group.

^† Married.

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