Understanding of Cancer Cell Metabolism and Thyroid Cancer

Won Gu Kim; Won Bae Kim

doi:10.11106/ijt.2015.8.2.147

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Kim and Kim: Understanding of Cancer Cell Metabolism and Thyroid Cancer

Review Article

Int J Thyroidol 2015;8(2):147-152.

Published online: 20 November 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2015.8.2.147

Understanding of Cancer Cell Metabolism and Thyroid Cancer

Won Gu Kim, Won Bae Kim

Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence: Won Bae Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Tel: 82-2-3010-3913, Fax: 82-2-3010–6962, E-mail: kimwb@amc.seoul.kr

Received 16 May 2015 Revised 26 June 2015 Accepted 26 June 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cell is one of essential hallmarks of cancer. Otto Warburg first demonstrated that cancer cells utilized more glucose and enhanced glycolytic pathway in the presence of oxygen in 1926. Scientific observations of basic and clinical research in several decades supported that cancer-specific metabolism can be an emerging target for treatment of cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is regulated by both oncogenic signaling and tumor suppressor genes associated with critical signaling pathways in metabolism. These changes provided energy, substrates for cell growth and proliferation, favoring microenvironment, and important for redox balancing for cancer cells. Recent advance of several tools for evaluation comprehensive metabolic profiles of cancer cells provided us to identification of metabolic Achilles' heel of cancers including thyroid cancer. This approach can be a useful strategy for advance in treatment of cancer patients.

Keywords: Cancer, Metabolism, Metabolome, Warburg effect

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Fig. 1.

Summary of changes in metabolic characteristics of cancer cells. 3PG: 3-phos-phoglycerate, α KG: alpha- ketoglutarate, AcCoA: Acetyl coenzyme A, FA: fatty acids, G6P: glucose-6-phosphate, Gln: glutamate, Glu: gluta-mine, PPP: pentose phos-phate pathway. Bold arrow indicates increase of meta-bolic pathways in cancers.

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