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Park: Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly
Original Research

Korean J Adult Nurs 2013;25(1):83-94.

Published online: 18 February 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/KJAN.2013.25.1.83

Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Hyojung Park

Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Hyojung Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 150-750, Korea Tel: +82-2-3277-2824, Fax: +82-2-3277-2850, E-mail: hyojungp@ewha.ac.kr

Received 19 September 201216 January 2013       Accepted 21 February 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the sexual behavior and awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among the elderly.

Methods

Subjects were 599 elderly living in a metropolitan area who completed a structured questionnaire. Data collection was from September 6, 2011 to January 17, 2012. The data were analyzed by using percentage and x2-test.

Results

Approximately 25% of the subjects reported a sexual life. Age, gender, education, family type, presence and health of spouse, health state of the subject, past occupation, dwelling pattern, and economic state made statistically significant difference in sexual behavior. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported no knowledge of STD. Factors such as age, gender, education, presence of spouse, and past occupation were statistically significant in terms of awareness of STD.

Conclusion

Age, education, and presence of spouse should be factored in to understand the sexuality of the elderly as well as to develop sexuality counseling programs that provide adequate information for each individual.

Keywords: Aged, Awareness, Sexuality, Sexual behavior

REFERENCES

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=599)
Characteristics   Categories n (%)
Age (year)   65~70 130 (21.7)
71~80 345 (57.6)
81~90 121 (20.2)
≥91 3 (0.5)
Gender Male 293 (48.9)
Female 306 (51.1)
Education Uneducated 140 (23.4)
Elementary school 208 (34.7)
Middle school 99 (16.5)
High school 120 (20.0)
≥College 31 (5.3)
Family type Living alone 198 (33.1)
Spouse 214 (35.7)
Spouse and child 83 (13.9)
Child 96 (16.0)
Other 8 (1.3)
Presence of spouse Yes 309 (51.6)
No 290 (48.4)
Awareness on health Spouse (n=309) Very healthy 32 (10.4)
Healthy 72 (23.3)
Normal 95 (30.7)
Not healthy 66 (21.4)
Suffering from a disease 44 (14.2)
Self (n=599) Very healthy 30 (5.0)
Healthy 124 (20.7)
Normal 174 (29.0)
Not healthy 150 (25.0)
Suffering from a disease 121 (20.2)
Presence of past occupation Public servant and company worker 95 (15.9)
Agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry 76 (12.7)
Professional and freelancer 144 (24.0)
Merchant and self-employed 137 (22.9)
Housewife 113 (18.9)
Unemployed 34 (5.7)
Presence of present occupation Yes 59 (9.8)
No 540 (90.2)
Dwelling pattern Owned 283 (47.2)
Leased 145 (24.2)
Monthly rented 103 (17.2)
Other 68 (11.4)
Economic status Upper 13 (2.2)
Middle 261 (43.6)
Lower 325 (54.3)
Table 2.
Sexual Behavior (N=599)
Items Categories n (%)
Level of sexual desire Very strong 20 (3.3)
Often feel 30 (5.0)
Sometimes feel 161 (26.9)
Not much 121 (20.2)
Never 267 (44.6)
Availability of current sexual life Yes 155 (25.9)
No 444 (74.1)
No. of times for intercourse (n=155) More than once a week 25 (16.1)
Every two weeks 45 (29.0)
Once a month 68 (43.9)
Every 6 months 17 (11.0)
Partner for sexual life (n=155) Spouse 109 (70.3)
Partner 30 (19.4)
Prostitute 8 (5.2)
Other 8 (5.2)
No. of partners for intercourse(n=155) 1 person 141 (91.0)
2 persons 8 (5.2)
3 persons 2 (1.3)
4 persons 2 (1.3)
5 persons 2 (1.3)
Intercourse with a prostitute in recent 5 years (n=293) Yes 49 (16.7)
No 244 (83.3)
No. of intercourses with a prostitute(n=49) More than once a week 9 (18.4)
Every two weeks 10 (20.4)
Once a month 12 (24.5)
Every 6 months 14 (28.6)
Non-response 4 (8.2)
Use of a condom when having an intercourse (n=293) Use 38 (13.0)
Sometimes use 13 (4.4)
Don't use 155 (52.9)
Non-response 87 (29.7)
Reason of not using a condom when having an intercourse (n=155) Don't know why it needs 102 (65.8)
Difficult to get 7 (4.5)
Declined pleasure 35 (22.6)
Non-response 11 (7.1)
Table 3.
Degree of Awareness on STD
Items Categories Total (N=599) Elderly† (n=155)
n (%) n (%)
Awareness on STD Aware 268 (44.7) 90 (58.1)
Unaware 331 (55.3) 65 (41.9)
Awareness on symptoms of STD Aware 360 (60.1) 96 (61.9)
Unaware 239 (39.9) 59 (38.1)
Intention to receive exam on STD Yes 242 (40.4) 68 (43.9)
No 357 (59.6) 87 (56.1)
Intention to receive treatment in case of having STD Receive 477 (79.6) 126 (81.3)
Not receive 122 (20.4) 29 (18.7)
Target of receiving STD treatment Only self 251 (41.9) 62 (40.0)
With sex partner 242 (40.4) 71 (45.8)
Both don't receive treatment 106 (17.7) 22 (14.2)
Act to prevent STD when having an intercourse Do 175 (29.2) 71 (45.8)
Don't 424 (70.8) 84 (54.2)
Past history of having STD in recent 5 years Yes 5 (0.8) 2 (1.3)
No 594 (99.2) 153 (98.7)
Intention to receive sex education Yes 170 (28.4) 58 (37.4)
No 429 (71.6) 97 (62.6)
Most favorable place for sex education Hospital 196 (32.7) 54 (34.8)
Silver center 44 (7.3) 8 (5.2)
Welfare center for the aged 175 (29.2) 38 (24.5)
Public health center 145 (24.2) 47 (30.3)
Other 39 (6.5) 8 (5.2)
Most favorable educational method for sex education Lecture 251 (41.9) 60 (38.7)
Video clip 90 (15.0) 34 (21.9)
Booklet 23 (3.8) 5 (3.2)
Counseling 184 (30.7) 46 (29.7)
Internet 9 (1.5) 5 (3.2)
Other 42 (7.0) 5 (3.2)
Most favorable lecturer for sex education Doctor 428 (71.5) 126 (81.3)
Nurse 56 (9.3) 10 (6.5)
Social worker 79 (13.2) 13 (8.4)
Other 36 (6.0) 6 (3.9)

STD=sexually transmitted diseases.

† Elderly who enjoy current sexual life.

Table 4.
Sexual Behavior depending on General Characteristics (N=599)
Characteristics Categories Availability of CSL (n=599) Partner for sexual life (n=155) Use of a condom WHI (n=293) Reason of not using a condom WHI (n=155)
Yes No p Spouse Partner Prostitute Other p Use SU DU N/A p DN DG DP N/A p
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Age (year) 65~70 51 (32.9) 79 (17.8) ＜.001 41 (37.6) 7 (23.3) 1 (12.5) 2 (25.0) .062 10 (26.3) 2 (15.4) 36 (23.2) 21 (24.1) .946 25 (24.5) 1 (14.3) 9 (25.7) 1 (9.1) . .926
71~80 92 (59.4) 253 (57.0)   61 (56.0) 22 (73.3) 4 (50.0) 5 (62.5)   23 (60.5) 10 (76.9) 95 (61.3) 57 (65.5)   59 (57.8) 5 (71.4) 23 (65.7) 8 (72.7)  
81~90 11 (7.1) 110 (24.8)   6 (5.5) 1 (3.3) 3 (37.5) 1 (12.5)   5 (13.2) 1 (7.7) 23 (14.8) 8 (9.2)   17 (16.7) 1 (14.3) 3 (8.6) 2 (18.2)  
≥91 1 (0.6) 2 (0.5)   1 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)   0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) 1 (1.1)   1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)  
Gender Male 135 (87.1) 158 (35.6) ＜.001 92 (84.4) 29 (96.7) 8 (100.0) 6 (75.0) .146  
Female 20 (12.9) 286 (64.4)   17 (15.6) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (25.0)  
Education Uneducated 7 (4.5) 133 (30.0) ＜.001 5 (4.6) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) .721 3 (7.9) 0 (0.0) 7 (4.5) 6 (6.9) .842 10 (9.8) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.7) 2 (18.2) . .864
Elementary school 45 (29.0) 163 (36.7)   29 (26.6) 11 (36.7) 4 (50.0) 1 (12.5)   10 (26.3) 4 (30.8) 14 (9.0) 18 (20.7)   33 (32.4) 2 (28.6) 12 (34.3) 5 (45.5)  
Middle school 30 (19.4) 69 (15.5)   20 (18.3) 6 (20.0) 1 (12.5) 3 (37.5)   8 (21.1) 3 (23.1) 52 (33.5) 21 (24.1)   21 (20.6) 3 (42.9) 7 (20.0) 1 (9.1)  
High school 56 (36.1) 64 (14.4)   40 (36.7) 10 (33.3) 3 (37.5) 3 (37.5)   13 (34.2) 5 (38.5) 32 (20.6) 34 (39.1)   31 (30.4) 2 (28.6) 10 (28.6) 2 (18.2)  
≥College 17 (11.0) 15 (3.4)   15 (13.8) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)   4 (10.5) 1 (7.7) 45 (29.0) 8 (9.2)   7 (6.9) 0 (0.0) 4 (11.4) 1 (9.1)  
Family type Living alone 18 (11.6) 180 (40.5) ＜.001 4 (3.7) 11 (36.7) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5) ＜.00 6 (15.8) 2 (15.4) 27 (17.4) 17 (19.5) .964 17 (16.7) 0 (0.0) 7 (20.0) 3 (27.3) . .034
Spouse 93 (60.0) 121 (27.3)   77 (70.6) 7 (23.3) 5 (62.5) 4 (50.0) 1 19 (50.0) 6 (46.2) 86 (55.5) 50 (57.5)   57 (55.9) 4 (57.4) 19 (54.3) 6 (54.5)  
Spouse and child 32 (20.6) 51 (11.5)   25 (22.9) 5 (16.7) 0 (0.0) 2 (25.0)   9 (23.7) 4 (30.8) 31 (20.0) 14 (16.1)   22 (21.6) 1 (14.3) 8 (22.9) 0 (0.0)  
Child 11 (7.1) 85 (19.1)   3 (2.8) 7 (23.3) 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0)   3 (7.9) 1 (7.7) 9 (5.8) 6 (6.9)   6 (5.9) 1 (14.3) 1 (2.9) 1 (9.1)  
Other 1 (0.6) 7 (1.6)   0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)   1 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (1.3) 0 (0.0)   0 (0.0) 1 (14.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (9.1)  
Presence of spouse Yes 131 (84.5) 178 (40.1) ＜.001 105 (96.3) 15 (50.0) 5 (62.5) 6 (75.0) ＜.00 31 (81.6) 10 (76.9) 121 (78.1) 63 (72.4) .667 82 (80.4) 5 (71.4) 28 (80.0) 6 (54.5) . .247
No 24 (15.5) 266 (59.9)   4 (3.7) 15 (50.0) 3 (37.5) 2 (25.0) 1 7 (18.4) 3 (23.1) 34 (21.9) 24 (27.6)   20 (19.6) 2 (28.6) 7 (20.0) 5 (45.5)  
Health status of spouse (n=309) Very healthy 14 (10.7) 18 (10.1) .004 7 (6.7) 4 (26.7) 1 (20.0) 2 (33.3) .107 2 (6.5) 2 (20.0) 9 (7.4) 4 (6.3) .690 6 (7.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (7.1) 1 (16.7) . .971
Healthy 39 (29.8) 33 (18.5)   35 (33.3) 3 (20.0) 1 (20.0) 0 (0.0)   8 (25.8) 2 (20.0) 30 (24.8) 18 (28.6)   21 (25.6) 1 (20.0) 7 (25.0) 1 (16.7)  
Normal 44 (33.6) 51 (28.7)   38 (36.2) 4 (26.7) 1 (20.0) 1 (16.7)   9 (29.0) 1 (10.0) 42 (34.7) 16 (25.4)   26 (31.7) 3 (60.0) 10 (35.7) 3 (50.0)  
Not healthy 26 (19.8) 40 (22.5)   21 (20.0) 2 (13.3) 1 (20.0) 2 (33.3)   9 (29.0) 2 (20.0) 24 (19.8) 17 (27.0)   17 (20.7) 1 (20.0) 5 (17.9) 1 (16.7)  
SD 8 (6.1) 36 (20.2)   4 (3.8) 2 (13.3) 1 (20.0) 1 (16.7)   3 (9.7) 36 (20.2) 16 (13.2) 8 (12.7)   12 (14.6) 0 (0.0) 4 (14.3) 0 (0.0)  
Health status of oneself Very healthy 9 (5.8) 21 (4.7) ＜.001 6 (5.5) 2 (6.7) 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) .913 4 (10.5) 1 (7.7) 11 (7.1) 1 (1.1) .038 7 (6.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.9) 3 (27.3) .197
Healthy 42 (27.1) 82 (18.5)   31 (28.4) 6 (20.0) 3 (37.5) 2 (25.0)   9 (23.7) 0 (0.0) 39 (25.2) 24 (27.6)   28 (27.5) 1 (14.3) 9 (25.7) 1 (9.1)  
Normal 62 (40.0) 112 (25.2)   44 (40.4) 12 (40.0) 2 (25.0) 4 (50.0)   13 (34.2) 8 (61.5) 54 (34.8) 26 (29.9)   36 (35.3) 3 (42.9) 11 (31.4) 4 (36.4)  
Not healthy 33 (21.3) 117 (26.4)   20 (18.3) 9 (30.0) 2 (25.0) 2 (25.0)   10 (26.3) 0 (0.0) 35 (22.6) 23 (26.4)   18 (17.6) 3 (42.9) 11 (31.4) 3 (27.3)  
SD 9 (5.8) 112 (25.2)   8 7.3) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)   5 (5.3) 4 (30.8) 16 (10.3) 13 (14.9)   13 (12.7) 0 (0.0) 3 (8.6) 0 (0.0)  
Presence of past occupation PS and CW 37 (23.9) 58 (13.1) ＜.001 24 (22.0) 9 (30.0) 2 (25.0) 2 (25.0) .607 8 (21.1) 2 (15.4) 39 (25.2) 18 (20.7) .958 26 (25.5) 3 (42.9) 8 (22.9) 2 (18.2) . .681
A, F, and LI 24 (15.5) 52 (11.7)   14 (12.8) 7 (23.3) 3 (37.5) 0 (0.0)   6 (15.8) 3 (23.1) 21 (13.5) 9 (10.3)   10 (9.8) 1 (14.3) 6 (17.1) 4 (36.4)  
p and F 40 (25.8) 104 (23.4)   30 (27.5) 7 (23.3) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5)   13 (34.2) 5 (38.5) 54 (34.8) 31 (35.6)   36 (35.3) 2 (28.6) 13 (37.1) 3 (27.3)  
M and S 37 (23.9) 10 (22.5)   28 (25.7) 5 (16.7) 1 (12.5) 3 (37.5)   9 (23.7) 2 (15.4) 35 (22.6) 25 (28.7)   26 (25.5) 1 (14.3) 6 (17.1) 2 (18.2)  
Housewife 8 (5.2) 105 (23.6)   7 (6.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)   2 (5.3) 1 (7.7) 6 (3.9) 4 (4.5)   4 (3.9) 0 (0.0) 5 (14.3) 0 (0.0)  
Unemployed 9 (5.8) 25 (5.6)   24 (5.0) 24 (5.0) 33 (7.6) 24 (5.0)  
Presence of present occupation Yes 21 (13.5) 38 (8.6) .073 15 (13.8) 5 (16.7) 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) .679 5 (13.2) 2 (15.4) 15 (9.7) 10 (11.5) .864 10 (9.8) 0 (0.0) 30 (85.7) 11 . .427
No 134 (86.5) 406 (91.4)   94 (86.2) 25 (83.3) 7 (87.5) 8 (100.0)   33 (86.8) 11 (84.6) 140 (90.3) 77 (88.5)   92 (90.2) 7 0 (100.0) 7 (87.5) (100.0) 0 (0.0)  
Dwelling pattern Owned 107 (69.0) 176 (39.6) ＜.001 83 (76.1) 15 (50.0) 5 (62.5) 4 (50.0) .149 23 (60.5) 5 (38.5) 91 (58.7) 52 (59.8) .589 58 (56.9) 3 (42.9) 24 (68.6) 6 (54.5) .012
Leased 26 (16.8) 119 (26.8)   14 (12.8) 9 (30.0) 1 (12.5) 2 (25.0)   7 (18.4) 5 (38.5) 41 (26.5) 20 (23.0)   31 (30.4) 0 (0.0) 8 (22.9) 2 (18.2)  
Monthly rented 12 (7.7) 91 (20.5)   6 (5.5) 3 (10.0) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5)   6 (15.8) 2 (15.4) 11 (7.1) 6 (6.9)   8 (7.8) 1 (14.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (18.2)  
Other 10 (6.5) 58 (13.1)   6 (5.5) 3 (10.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)   2 (5.3) 1 (7.7) 12 (7.7) 9 (10.3)   5 (4.9) 3 (42.9) 3 (8.6) 1 (9.1)  
Economic status Upper 6 (3.9) 7 (1.6) .002 6 (5.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) .140 1 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 5 (3.2) 1 (1.1) .653 3 (2.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (5.7) 0 (0.0) . .529
Middle 83 (53.5) 178 (40.1)   64 (58.7) 14 (46.7) 3 (37.5) 2 (25.0)   15 (39.5) 4 (30.8) 73 (47.1) 35 (40.2)   51 (50.0) 1 (14.3) 16 (45.7) 5 (45.5)  
Lower 66 (42.6) 259 (58.3)   39 (35.8) 16 (53.3) 5 (62.5) 6 (75.0)   22 (57.9) 9 (69.2) 77 (49.7) 51 (58.6)   48 (47.1) 6 (85.7) 17 (48.6) 6 (54.5)  

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

CSL=current sexual life; WHI=when having an intercourse; SU=sometimes use; DU=don't use; DN=don't know why it needs; DG=Difficult to get; Dp=declined pleasure; N/A=Non-response; SD=suffering from a disease;

SD=suffering from a disease; PS and CW=public servant and company worker; A, F, and LI=agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry; pand F=professional and freelancer; M and S=merchant and self-employed.

Table 5.
Awareness on STD depending on General Characteristics (N=599)
Characteristics Categories Awareness on STD Awareness on symptoms of STD Exam on STD Preventive act against STD STD treatment Person with STD
Aware Unaware p Aware Unaware p Receive DR p Do Don't do p Receive NR p Only self WSP BDRT p
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Age(year) 65~70 66(24.6) 64(19.3) .022 82(22.8) 48(20.1) .459 54(22.3) 76(21.3) .544 49(28.0) 81(19.1) .012 107(22.4) 23(18.9) .133 42(16.7) 68(28.1) 20(18.9) .037
71~80 160(59.7) 185(55.9) 210(58.3) 135(56.5) 145(59.9) 200(56.0) 102(58.3) 243(57.3) 277(58.1) 68(55.7) 156(62.2) 131(54.1) 58(54.7)
81~90 42(15.7) 79(23.9) 67(18.6) 54(22.6) 42(17.4) 79(22.1) 24(13.7) 98(22.9) 92(19.3) 29(23.8) 51(20.3) 42(17.4) 28(26.4)
≥91 0(0.0) 3(0.9) 1(0.3) 2(0.8) 1(0.4) 2(0.6) 0(0.0) 3(0.7) 1(0.2) 32(1.6) 2(0.8) 1(0.4) 0(0.0)
Gender Male 162(60.4) 131(39.6) ＜.001 174(48.3) 119(49.8) .727 113(46.7) 180(50.4) .371 121(69.1) 172(40.6) ＜.00 237(49.7) 56(45.9) .456 123(49.0) 118(48.8) 52(49.1) .998
Female 106(39.6) 200(60.4) 186(51.7) 120(50.2) 129(50.4) 177(49.6) 54(30.9) 252(59.4) 1 240(50.3) 66(54.1) 128(51.0) 124(51.2) 54(50.9)
Education Uneducated 40(14.9) 100(30.2) ＜.001 72(20.0) 68(28.5) .025 68(28.1) 72(20.2) .211 23(13.1) 117(27.6) ＜.00 106(22.2) 34(27.9) .706 57(22.7) 55(22.7) 28(26.4) .014
Elementary school 63(23.5) 145(43.8) 121(33.6) 87(36.4) 79(32.6) 129(36.1) 43(24.6) 165(38.9) 1 166(34.8) 42(34.4) 99(39.4) 75(31.0) 34(32.1)
Middle school 53(19.8) 46(13.9) 65(18.1) 34(14.2) 40(16.5) 59(16.5) 35(20.0) 64(15.1) 80(16.8) 19(15.6) 47(18.7) 31(12.8) 21(19.8)
High school 89(33.2) 31(9.4) 77(21.4) 43(18.0) 42(17.4) 78(21.8) 56(32.0) 64(15.1) 98(20.5) 22(18.0) 39(15.5) 61(25.2) 20(18.9)
≥College 23(8.6) 9(2.7) 25(6.9) 7(2.9) 13(5.4) 19(5.3) 18(10.3) 14(3.3) 27(5.7) 5(4.1) 9(3.6) 20(8.3) 3(2.8)
Family type Living alone 78(29.1) 120(36.3) .005 114(31.7) 84(35.1) .748 88(36.4) 110(30.8) .179 53(30.3) 145(34.2) .010 165(34.6) 33(27.0) .151 89(35.5) 76(31.4) 33(31.1) .400
Spouse 109(40.7) 105(31.7) 132(36.7) 82(34.3) 82(33.9) 132(37.0) 73(41.7) 141(33.3) 172(36.1) 42(34.4) 83(33.1) 96(39.7) 35(33.0)
Spouse and child 46(17.2) 37(11.2) 54(15.0) 29(12.1) 36(14.9) 47(13.2) 29(16.6) 54(12.7) 65(13.6) 18(14.8) 31(12.4) 35(14.5) 17(16.0)
Child 32(11.9) 64(19.3) 55(15.3) 41(17.2) 31(12.8) 65(18.2) 16(9.1) 80(18.9) 68(14.3) 28(23.0) 46(18.3) 30(12.4) 20(18.9)
Other 3(1.1) 5(1.5) 5(1.4) 3(1.3) 5(2.1) 3(0.8) 4(2.3) 4(0.9) 7(1.5) 1(1.6) 2(0.8) 5(2.1) 1(0.9)
Presence of spouse Yes 165(61.6) 144(43.5) ＜.001 196(54.4) 113(47.3) .086 122(50.4) 187(52.4) .636 106(60.6) 203(47.9) .005 247(51.8) 62(50.8) .849 120(47.8) 136(56.2) 53(50.0) .165
No 103(38.4) 187(56.5) 164(45.6) 126(52.7) 120(49.6) 170(47.6) 69(39.4) 221(52.1) 230(48.2) 60(49.2) 131(52.2) 106(43.8) 53(50.0)
Health status of spouse(n=309) Very healthy 16(9.7) 16(11.1) .570 19(9.7) 13(11.5) .213 12(9.8) 20(10.7) .581 8(7.5) 24(11.8) .414 26(10.5) 16(11.1) .793 12(10.0) 16(11.8) 4(5.5) .666
Healthy 43(26.1) 29(20.1) 43(21.9) 29(25.7) 34(27.9) 38(20.3) 30(28.3) 42(20.7) 61(24.7) 6(9.7) 26(21.7) 34(25.0) 12(22.6)
Normal 47(28.5) 48(33.3) 63(32.1) 32(28.3) 33(27.0) 62(33.2) 33(31.1) 62(30.5) 73(29.6) 11(17.7) 31(25.8) 45(33.1) 19(28.3)
Not healthy 38(23.0) 28(19.4) 48(24.5) 18(15.9) 25(20.5) 41(21.9) 23(21.7) 43(21.2) 52(21.1) 22(35.5) 32(26.7) 23(16.9) 11(20.8)
SD 21(12.7) 23(16.0) 23(11.7) 21(18.6) 18(14.8) 26(13.9) 12(11.3) 32(15.8) 35(14.2) 14(22.6) 19(15.8) 18(16.9) 7(13.2)
Health status of oneself Very healthy 15(5.6) 15(4.5) .296 13(3.6) 17(7.1) .178 11(4.5) 19(5.3) .072 11(6.3) 19(4.5) ＜.00 24(5.0) 6(4.9) .691 10(4.0) 12(5.0) 8(7.5) .427
Healthy 61(22.8) 63(19.0) 70(19.4) 54(22.6) 49(20.2) 75(21.0) 43(24.6) 81(19.1) 1 103(21.6) 21(17.2) 46(18.3) 58(24.0) 20(18.9)
Normal 84(31.3) 90(27.2) 108(30.0) 66(27.6) 57(23.6) 117(32.8) 64(36.6) 110(25.9) 134(28.1) 40(32.8) 73(29.1) 69(28.5) 32(30.2)
Not healthy 61(22.8) 89(26.9) 98(27.2) 52(21.8) 72(29.8) 78(21.8) 40(22.9) 110(25.9) 117(24.5) 33(27.0) 61(24.3) 60(24.8) 29(27.4)
SD 47(17.5) 74(22.4) 71(19.7) 50(20.9) 53(21.9) 68(19.0) 17(9.7) 104(24.5) 99(20.8) 22(18.0) 61(24.3) 43(17.8) 17(16.0)
Presence of past occupation PS and CW 57(21.3) 38(11.5) ＜.001 63(17.5) 32(13.4) .262 41(16.9) 54(15.1) .337 43(24.6) 52(12.3) ＜.00 72(15.1) 23(18.9) .427 36(14.3) 43(17.8) 16(15.1) .591
A, F, and LI 25(9.3) 51(15.4) 41(11.4) 35(14.6) 36(14.9) 40(11.2) 13(7.4) 63(14.9) 1 61(12.8) 15(12.3) 37(14.7) 27(11.2) 12(11.3)
pand F 70(26.1) 74(22.4) 80(22.2) 64(26.8) 51(21.1) 93(26.1) 58(33.1) 86(20.3) 122(25.6) 22(18.0) 53(21.1) 64(26.4) 27(25.5)
M and S 67(25.0) 70(21.1) 90(25.0) 47(19.7) 61(25.2) 76(21.3) 37(21.1) 100(23.6) 111(23.3) 26(21.3) 66(26.3) 51(21.1) 20(18.9)
Housewife 36(13.4) 77(23.3) 68(18.9) 45(18.8) 42(17.4) 71(19.9) 13(7.4) 100(23.6) 85(17.8) 28(23.0) 46(18.3) 45(18.6) 22(20.8)
Unemployed 13(4.9) 21(6.3) 18(5.0) 16(6.7) 11(4.5) 23(6.4) 11(6.3) 23(5.4) 26(5.5) 8(6.6) 13(5.2) 12(5.0) 9(8.5)
Presence of present occupation Yes 28(10.4) 31(9.4) .659 34(9.4) 25(10.5) .683 20(8.3) 39(10.9) .284 15(8.6) 44(10.4) .500 50(10.5) 9(7.4) .304 24(9.6) 22(9.1) 13(87.7) .645
No 240(89.6) 300(90.6) 326(90.6) 214(89.5) 222(91.7) 318(89.1) 160(91.4) 380(89.6) 427(89.5) 113(92.6) 227(90.4) 220(90.9) 93(89.5)
Dwelling pattern Owned 138(51.5) 145(43.8) .083 171(47.5) 112(46.9) .627 107(44.2) 176(49.3) .317 95(54.3) 188(44.3) .111 225(47.2) 58(47.5) .810 109(43.4) 112(46.7) 61(57.5) .077
Leased 67(25.0) 78(23.6) 89(24.7) 56(23.4) 61(25.2) 84(23.5) 40(22.9) 105(24.8) 115(24.1) 30(24.6) 66(26.3) 56(23.1) 23(21.7)
Monthly rented 36(13.4) 67(20.2) 64(17.8) 39(16.3) 49(20.2) 54(15.1) 26(14.9) 77(18.2) 85(17.8) 18(14.8) 39(15.5) 49(20.2) 15(14.2)
Other 27(10.1) 41(12.4) 36(10.0) 32(13.4) 25(10.3) 43(12.0) 14(8.0) 54(12.7) 52(10.9) 16(13.1) 37(14.7) 24(9.9) 7(6.6)
Economic status Upper 8(3.0) 5(1.5) .081 3(7.8) 10(5.2) .016 8(3.3) 5(7.7) .261 5(2.9) 8(1.9) .242 11(2.3) 2(1.6) .480 6(2.4) 6(2.5) 1(0.9) .874
Middle 127(47.4) 134(40.5) 154(42.8) 107(44.8) 107(44.2) 154(43.1) 84(48.0) 177(41.7) 213(44.7) 48(39.3) 106(42.2) 108(44.6) 47(44.3)
Lower 133(49.6) 192(58.0) 203(56.4) 122(51.0) 127(52.5) 199(55.5) 86(49.1) 239(56.4) 253(53.0) 72(59.0) 139(55.4) 128(52.9) 58(54.7)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

STD=sexually transmitted diseases; DR=Don't receive; NR=Not receive; WSp=with sex partner; BDRT=Both don't receive treatment; SD=suffering from a disease; PS and CW=public servant and company worker; A, F, and LI=agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry; pand F=professional and freelancer; M and S=merchant and self-employed.

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