Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex

Ho-Jin Moon; Chan-Ui Hong

doi:10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.24

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Moon and Hong: Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex

Research Article

Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics 2012; 37(1): 24-28.

Published online: 2 March 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.24

Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex

Ho-Jin Moon, DDS, MSD¹, Chan-Ui Hong, DDS, MSD, PhD²

Researcher

President

¹Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Lab., Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, Plant Dental Hospital, Daejon, Korea.

Correspondence to Ho-Jin Moon, DDS, MSD. Researcher, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Lab., Dankook University, Sinbu-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Korea 330-716. TEL, +82-10-2062-5288; FAX, +82-41-553-5288; alkydes@dankook.ac.kr

Received 9 December 2011 Revised 16 January 2012 Accepted 19 January 2012

©Copyights 2012. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal.

Materials and Methods

Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ×250, ×500, ×1,000, ×2,500 were taken for the final evaluation.

Results

Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm.

Conclusions

Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.

Keywords: Apical instrumentation, Periapical periodontitis, Root canal therapy, Scanning electron microscopy, Smear layer

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Representative photograph in the WL-3 mm groups. (a) #25, WL-3 mm; (b) #30, WL-3 mm; (c) #35, WL-3 mm; (d) #40, WL-3 mm. (a) and (b) presence of the smear layer on the surface, ×1,000; (c) presence of debris in the dentinal tubules, ×1,000; (d) removal of the smear layer from the surface, ×1,000.

Figure 2

Representative photograph in the WL-9 mm groups. (a) #25, WL-9 mm; (b) #30, WL-9 mm; (c) #35, WL-9 mm; (d) #40, WL-9 mm. (a) and (b) smear layer is not removed, and tubule apertures are totally obliterated, ×1,000; (c) smear layer is thin as evidenced by crack over tubule aperture, ×1,000; (d) dentinal tubules are exposed, but some are blocked by smear layer, ×1,000.

Table 1

Smear layer score

This table was adopted from Lendini, M. (2005) The effect of high-frequency electrical pulses on organic tissue in root canals. Int Endod J, 38, 534.

Table 2

Score of remaining smear layer according to instrumentation size and needle position from the apex in mm scale (mean ± SD, n = 10)

WL-3 mm, Needle position is 3 mm from the apex; WL-9 mm, Needle position is 9 mm from the apex.

Table 3

The statistic analysis among instrument size

WL-3 mm, Needle position is 3 mm from the apex; WL-9 mm, Needle position is 9 mm from the apex.

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