Abstract
Background:
Recently, the prevalence of obesity and socioeconomic costs stemming from obesity are increasing steeply. Obesity, in particular, has a highly polarization caused by income levels. Obesity in low-income patients is expected to become a serious social problem in the future. This study aims to observe the effects of consistent consultation and drug therapy during a six months period, and to develop the treatment process of obesity for low-income people.
Methods:
The body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) was measured every 2 weeks, and laboratory blood tests with a survey including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and eating behavior index was checked at 0, 3, and 6 months. Paired t-test and linear mixed model was done to evaluate the difference between pre-treatment data and post-treatment data.
Results:
Twenty-one patients (2 males, median age [interquartile range] of 39 years [29-46]) were analyzed. There were statistically significant reductions of body weight (P<0.01), BMI (P<0.01), waist circumference (P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.01), BDI-I (P<0.01), eating behavior index (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of safety outcome of the BP and blood tests.
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Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Parameter Body weight | Baseline 96.2±19.9 | 3 months 86.2±18.1 | N 24 | P <0.001a | Difference 10.0±5.0 | Baseline 100.4±23.0 | 6 months 84.7±22.0 | N 21 | P <0.000 | Difference 15.7±7.6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | 36.3±6.1 | 32.6±5.6 | 24 | <0.001a | 3.7±1.7 | 37.7±6.9 | 31.9±6.7 | 21 | <0.000 | 5.8±2.9 |
WC | 114.4±13.1 | 106.3±16.0 | 24 | <0.001a | 8.1±5.4 | 114.8±15.3 | 102.6±20.5 | 21 | 0.001a | 12.2±9.1 |
Total cholesterol | 192.6±34.5 | 178.3±21.8 | 24 | 0.030a | 14.3±27.3 | 192.7±38.9 | 173.8±22.4 | 21 | 0.141a | 18.9±41.4 |
HDL-cholesterol | 52.3±11.9 | 48.9±11.7 | 24 | 0.053a | 3.4±7.4 | 52.5±13.2 | 52.3±8.8 | 21 | 0.904b | 0.3±7.0 |
LDL-cholesterol | 126.6±33.0 | 115.4±20.4 | 24 | 0.049a | 11.2±23.7 | 125.1±39.0 | 106.2±23.6 | 21 | 0.092a | 18.9±35.5 |
Triglyceride | 103.1±39.3 | 104.9±36.9 | 24 | 0.829a | -1.9±37.8 | 110.1±41.0 | 107.6±36.2 | 21 | 0.860a | 2.5±48.0 |
Cortisol | 12.2±5.7 | 11.0±4.6 | 24 | 0.507a | 1.1±7.4 | 13.7±6.7 | 12.0±3.6 | 21 | 0.332a | 1.7±5.9 |
DHEA-S | 187.2±96.2 | 177.7±93.6 | 24 | 0.269b | 9.6±37.6 | 189.0±90.0 | 185.5±119.8 | 21 | 0.863b | 3.6±70.5 |
BDI-I | 35.6±23.4 | 28.4±23.6 | 24 | 0.135a | 7.2±18.8 | 28.7±20.6 | 16.8±11.3 | 21 | 0.019a | 11.9±14.2 |
Restrained eating behavior | 18.9±4.8 | 27.7±6.6 | 24 | <0.001a | -8.7±7.7 | 18.9±5.3 | 27.5±6.1 | 21 | 0.003a | -8.6±7.9 |
Emotional eating behavior | 23.9±11.2 | 20.1±5.2 | 24 | 0.043a | 3.8±10.5 | 22.5±9.7 | 17.1±3.5 | 21 | 0.041a | 5.4±8.1 |
External eating behavior | 22.6±7.1 | 19.1±5.1 | 24 | 0.036a | 3.5±6.4 | 21.8±6.8 | 17.8±3.2 | 21 | 0.028a | 4.0±5.5 |
Glucose (FBS) | 97.6±26.6 | 91.6±20.7 | 24 | 0.173b | 6.1±19.1 | 106.6±30.9 | 115.2±47.8 | 21 | 0.371a | -8.6±31.9 |
AST | 28.8±17.3 | 28.8±16.2 | 24 | 0.099b | 4.6±11.7 | 36.1±18.7 | 24.3±11.8 | 21 | 0.014a | 11.8±14.1 |
ALT | 28.5±18.5 | 21.9±17.0 | 24 | 0.126a | 6.6±18.5 | 35.1±19.3 | 22.8±13.6 | 21 | 0.052a | 12.3±19.4 |
γ-GTP | 49.0±35.4 | 39.8±34.3 | 24 | 0.055a | 9.2±20.1 | 63.5±37.6 | 43.9±36.3 | 21 | 0.055b | 19.6±19.4 |
WBC | 7.4±2.9 | 7.2±2.1 | 24 | 0.610b | 0.2±1.7 | 7.6±3.4 | 7.9±2.7 | 21 | 0.548b | -0.4±2.1 |
RBC | 4.6±0.4 | 4.6±0.4 | 24 | 0.105b | 0.1±0.3 | 4.7±0.4 | 4.7±0.6 | 21 | 0.820b | -0.0±0.2 |
Hemoglobin | 13.7±1.6 | 13.4±1.6 | 24 | 0.078b | 0.3±0.8 | 13.7±2.0 | 13.7±2.4 | 21 | 0.735b | -0.1±0.8 |
Platelet | 301.1±84.5 | 307.6±57.7 | 24 | 0.719a | -6.4±79.0 | 316.3±57.0 | 315.6±57.0 | 21 | 0.925b | 0.8±26.9 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; DHEA-S, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; BDI-I, Beck Depression Inventory-I; FBS, fasting blood sugar; AST, aspartate aminotransferas; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transferase; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell.