Journal List > Korean J Health Promot > v.17(4) > 1089927

Kim, Kim, Jung, Kim, and You: Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire

Abstract

Background

The manager's empowering leadership has been reported to have a positive impact on employees' psychological empowerment, motivation, creativity, and increase commitment and turnover intentions. However, there is a lack of Korean version of empowering leadership tools that have been verified for validity and reliability, so that they can be applied to Korean nursing organizations. The aim of this study was to develop the Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (K-ELQ) and to examine its' psychometric properties.

Methods

Translation of the K-ELQ was validated through forward-backward translation. Participants were 322 staff nurses working in four general hospitals in South Korea. To test reliability and validity, content validity index, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis were used.

Results

The K-ELQ consisted of 34 items to evaluate empowering leadership of nursing managers. Construct validity of K-ELQ was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN/DF=2.72, Root Mean square Residual=0.03, Goodness of Fit Index=0.91, Normal Fit Index=0.87). Cronbach's alpha was 0.98. Criterion validity compared to the psychological empowerment of nurses showed significant correlation (r=0.19, P=0.001).

Conclusions

The K-ELQ is an appropriate instrument to measure empowering leadership of nursing managers. Further studies are needed to utilize K-ELQ in leadership education and to identify related factors of empowering leadership.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of participants (n=322)

kjhp-17-275-i001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

Table 2

Model fitness test results

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Abbreviations: CMIN/DF, x2/df; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index.

Table 3

Model fit indices for K-ELQ subscales from confirmatory factor analysis

kjhp-17-275-i003

Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index.

Table 4

Correlations between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment

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Table 5

Reliability coefficients for K-ELQ sub-scales

kjhp-17-275-i005

Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.

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