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Kim, Kim, Jung, Kim, and You: Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire
Original Article

Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2017; 17(4): 275-281.

Published online: 28 December 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.275

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire

Eun Kyung Kim1, Se Young Kim2, Myun Sook Jung3, Jong Kyung Kim4, Sun Ju You5

1Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.

3College of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Gyungsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

4College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.

5Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Se Young Kim, PhD, RN. Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea. Tel: +82-55-213-3576, Fax: +82-55-213-3579, sarakimk@changwon.ac.kr

Received 22 September 2017       Accepted 22 November 2017

Copyright © 2017 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

(open-access, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

The manager's empowering leadership has been reported to have a positive impact on employees' psychological empowerment, motivation, creativity, and increase commitment and turnover intentions. However, there is a lack of Korean version of empowering leadership tools that have been verified for validity and reliability, so that they can be applied to Korean nursing organizations. The aim of this study was to develop the Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (K-ELQ) and to examine its' psychometric properties.

Methods

Translation of the K-ELQ was validated through forward-backward translation. Participants were 322 staff nurses working in four general hospitals in South Korea. To test reliability and validity, content validity index, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis were used.

Results

The K-ELQ consisted of 34 items to evaluate empowering leadership of nursing managers. Construct validity of K-ELQ was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN/DF=2.72, Root Mean square Residual=0.03, Goodness of Fit Index=0.91, Normal Fit Index=0.87). Cronbach's alpha was 0.98. Criterion validity compared to the psychological empowerment of nurses showed significant correlation (r=0.19, P=0.001).

Conclusions

The K-ELQ is an appropriate instrument to measure empowering leadership of nursing managers. Further studies are needed to utilize K-ELQ in leadership education and to identify related factors of empowering leadership.

Keywords: Power, Leadership, Validation studies, Nurses

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of participants (n=322)

kjhp-17-275-i001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

Table 2

Model fitness test results

kjhp-17-275-i002

Abbreviations: CMIN/DF, x2/df; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index.

Table 3

Model fit indices for K-ELQ subscales from confirmatory factor analysis

kjhp-17-275-i003

Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index.

Table 4

Correlations between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment

kjhp-17-275-i004
Table 5

Reliability coefficients for K-ELQ sub-scales

kjhp-17-275-i005

Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.

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