Journal List > Korean J Health Promot > v.17(3) > 1089914

Examinees’ Knowledge of the Result Form of Korean National Health Examination

Abstract

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases related mortality attributes to approximately one fourth of mortality in Korea, and management of chronic diseases is essential for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Through the health screening program, early detection and prevention of chronic disease are made possible, and this will improve the health status of examinees. In the current national health examination (NHE), counseling and continuous management after NHE have not been properly made. We aimed to investigate examinees’ knowledge of the result form of NHE in order to find the ways of improvement.

Methods:

We recruited 120 examinees, who have undergone general health examination and life turning point health examination (LTPHE), and conducted survey from January 7, 2016 to January 26, 2016. Participants answered questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, health screening related factors, and their knowledge and attitude towards NHE. Answers were converted to Likert scale, and student t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression models were used for the analyses.

Results:

Examinees’ knowledge of the result form was lowest in the blood test category. When age and type of institution were adjusted, the examinees in their 60s had significantly lower knowledge of all the categories of result forms except urine test in comparison to the younger examinees. When type of institutions were compared, examinees, who had undergone NHE in health screening clinics, had significantly lower knowledge of several categories of result forms in comparison to those who had undergone NHE in private clinics and general hospitals. Examinees’ knowledge of the LTPHE result form was lowest in categories of “mild cognitive impairment and dementia” and “fall down and voiding difficulty.”

Conclusions:

The result form of NHE should be revised so that examinees in old age can easily understand. Examinees’ knowledge of the result form was lower in health screening clinic; thus, quality of health screening clinic should be improved for continuous care after NHE.

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Table 1.
Basic characteristics of 120 examinees of NHE
  Value
Age, y  
40-49 46 (38.3)
50-59 34 (28.3)
60-69 40 (33.3)
Sex  
Men 56 (46.7)
Women 64 (53.3)
Smoking status  
Nonsmoker 85 (70.8)
Smoker 35 (29.2)
Drinking status  
Nondrinker 37 (30.8)
Drinker 83 (69.2)
Type of NHE  
Life turning point health examination 38 (31.7)
General health examination 82 (68.3)
Type of institution  
Private clinic 30 (25.0)
Health screening clinic 40 (33.3)
General hospital 29 (24.2)
University Hospital 11 (9.2)
Visiting health screening program 9 (7.5)
Others 1 (0.8)
Experience of NHE  
Once 15 (12.5)
More than once 105 (87.5)
Purpose of undergoing NHE  
Disease prevention 95 (79.8)
Management of comorbidities 31 (26.1)
Request from government or workplace 63 (52.9)
Disadvantage when not undergoing NHE 29 (24.4)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as n (%). Missing data were excluded.

Table 2.
NHE examinees’ responses whether counseling helped to improve lifestyles
  Yes No
Counseling for physical activity 35 (83.3) 7 (16.7)
Counseling for drinking 10 (62.5) 6 (37.5)
Counseling for obesity 6 (40.0) 9 (60.0)
Counseling for smoking 2 (20.0) 8 (80.0)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as n (%).

Table 3.
Mean Likert scores of examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form and responses after the NHE
  Value
Examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form  
General health examination  
Visual, auditory abnormality 4.03 (0.83)
Obesity 3.92 (0.74)
Hypertension 3.82 (0.81)
Urine test Chest X-ray 3.68 (0.85) 3.49 (0.76)
Blood test 3.36 (0.81)
Health risk assessment  
Disease specific health risk 3.88 (0.69)
Health risk identification 3.74 (0.80)
Health risk modification 3.64 (0.89)
Whether examinees felt necessary for lifestyle modification
Smoking cessation 3.45 (1.29)
Physical activity 3.42 (1.40)
Alcohol consumption 2.72 (1.27)
Whether life turning point health examination helped to evaluate health status  
Osteoporosis risk assessment 4.60 (0.84)
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia Physical function of the elderly 4.10 (1.21) 4.00 (1.21)
Fall down and voiding difficulty 3.90 (1.21)
Mood status 3.74 (1.35)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation). Missing data were excluded.

Table 4.
Examinees’ knowledge of the result form of life turning point health examination
  Good Bad
Osteoporosis risk assessment 10 (100.0) 0 (0.0)
Mood status 37 (97.4) 1 (2.6)
Physical function of the elderly 18 (90.0) 2 (10.0)
Fall down and voiding difficulty 17 (85.0) 3 (15.0)
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia 17 (85.0) 3 (15.0)

Values are presented as n (%).

Table 5.
Mean Likert scores of examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form according to health screening related factors
  Age P-valued Sex P-valuee
  40-49 50-59 60-69 Mean Women
  Mean (SD) Refc Mean (SD) P-valuec Mean (SD) P-valuec Mean (SD)  
General health examination                    
Obesity 4.04 (0.67)a - 4.12 (0.64)a 0.398 3.60 (0.81)b 0.033 0.003 3.89 (0.73) 3.94 (0.75) 0.743
Hypertension 3.93 (0.77) - 3.97 (0.67) 0.950 3.55 (0.90) 0.034 0.036 3.91 (0.72) 3.73 (0.88) 0.235
Visual, auditory abnormality 4.24 (0.74)a - 4.18 (0.63)a 0.701 3.65 (0.98)b 0.001 0.002 4.11 (0.76) 3.95 (0.90) 0.315
Blood test 3.52 (0.86)a - 3.56 (0.66)a 0.900 3.00 (0.75)b 0.003 0.002 3.30 (0.76) 3.41 (0.85) 0.489
Urine test Chest X-ray 3.70 (0.87) 3.63 (0.77)a - - 3.79 (0.81) 3.65 (0.60)a 0.369 0.638 3.58 (0.87) 3.20 (0.79)b 0.904 0.034 0.543 0.010 3.70 (0.81) 3.59 (0.73) 3.67 (0.89) 3.41 (0.77) 0.875 0.187
Health risk assessment                    
Disease specific health risk 3.98 (0.65)a   4.09 (0.62)a   3.58 (0.71)b   0.002 3.93 (0.68) 3.83 (0.70) 0.431
Health risk identification 3.91 (0.76)a   3.88 (0.77)a   3.43 (0.81)b   0.008 3.79 (0.82) 3.70 (0.79) 0.577
Health risk modification 3.83 (0.82)a   3.76 (0.82)a   3.33 (0.94)b   0.020 3.68 (0.86) 3.61 (0.92) 0.672
  Institution P-valued Experience P-valuee
  Health screening clinic Private clinic General hospital Once More than once
  Mean (SD) Refc Mean (SD) P-valuec Mean (SD) P-valuec Mean (SD)  
General health examination
Obesity 3.73 (0.78) - 3.90 (0.84) 0.353 4.00 (0.60) 0.108 0.249 3.87 (0.64) 3.92 (0.76) 0.781
Hypertension 3.53 (0.78)b - 3.90 (0.88)a 0.058 4.00 (0.72)a 0.008 0.022 3.53 (0.92) 3.86 (0.79) 0.148
Visual, auditory abnormality 3.55 (0.78)b - 4.23 (0.90)a <0.001 4.25 (0.67)a <0.001 <0.001 3.93 (0.96) 4.04 (0.82) 0.651
Blood test 3.13 (0.72) - 3.40 (0.81) 0.163 3.50 (0.82) 0.029 0.093 3.13 (0.74) 3.39 (0.81) 0.250
Urine test 3.28 (0.72)b - 4.00 (0.91)a <0.001 3.78 (0.80)a 0.009 0.001 3.33 (0.90) 3.73 (0.84) 0.088
Chest X-ray 3.15 (0.77)b - 3.57 (0.68)a 0.017 3.65 (0.66)a 0.002 0.005 3.33 (0.82) 3.51 (0.75) 0.388
Health risk assessment
Disease specific health risk 3.80 (0.79)   3.90 (0.71)   3.83 (0.59)   0.834 3.87 (0.74) 3.88 (0.69) 0.961
Health risk identification 3.68 (0.89)   3.53 (0.78)   3.83 (0.71)   0.318 3.93 (0.70) 3.71 (0.82) 0.326
Health risk modification 3.60 (0.98)   3.57 (0.77)   3.63 (0.90)   0.965 3.67 (0.90) 3.64 (0.89) 0.908

Abbreviations: NHE, national health examination; SD, standard deviation. Post-hoc analysis:

a >

b (P<0.05).

c Values were obtained from linear regression models. Age group and institution were adjusted in the linear regression analyses.

d P-value was obtained from ANOVA.

e P-value was obtained from student t-test.

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