Im Jung Oh; Hyo Yoon Choi; Seo Young Kang; Jung Ah Lee; Young Sik Kim

doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.3.168

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Examinees’ Knowledge of the Result Form of Korean National Health Examination

Original Article

Korean J Health Promot 2017;17(3):168-175.

Published online: 19 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.3.168

Examinees’ Knowledge of the Result Form of Korean National Health Examination

Im Jung Oh, Hyo Yoon Choi, Seo Young Kang, Jung Ah Lee, Young Sik Kim

Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author : Young Sik Kim, MD Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3811, Fax: +82-2-3010-3815 E-mail: youngkim@amc.seoul.kr

Received 28 February 2017 Accepted 13 June 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases related mortality attributes to approximately one fourth of mortality in Korea, and management of chronic diseases is essential for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Through the health screening program, early detection and prevention of chronic disease are made possible, and this will improve the health status of examinees. In the current national health examination (NHE), counseling and continuous management after NHE have not been properly made. We aimed to investigate examinees’ knowledge of the result form of NHE in order to find the ways of improvement.

Methods:

We recruited 120 examinees, who have undergone general health examination and life turning point health examination (LTPHE), and conducted survey from January 7, 2016 to January 26, 2016. Participants answered questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, health screening related factors, and their knowledge and attitude towards NHE. Answers were converted to Likert scale, and student t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression models were used for the analyses.

Results:

Examinees’ knowledge of the result form was lowest in the blood test category. When age and type of institution were adjusted, the examinees in their 60s had significantly lower knowledge of all the categories of result forms except urine test in comparison to the younger examinees. When type of institutions were compared, examinees, who had undergone NHE in health screening clinics, had significantly lower knowledge of several categories of result forms in comparison to those who had undergone NHE in private clinics and general hospitals. Examinees’ knowledge of the LTPHE result form was lowest in categories of “mild cognitive impairment and dementia” and “fall down and voiding difficulty.”

Conclusions:

The result form of NHE should be revised so that examinees in old age can easily understand. Examinees’ knowledge of the result form was lower in health screening clinic; thus, quality of health screening clinic should be improved for continuous care after NHE.

Keywords: National health examination, Result forms, Examinee

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Table 1.

Basic characteristics of 120 examinees of NHE

	Value
Age, y
40-49	46 (38.3)
50-59	34 (28.3)
60-69	40 (33.3)
Sex
Men	56 (46.7)
Women	64 (53.3)
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	85 (70.8)
Smoker	35 (29.2)
Drinking status
Nondrinker	37 (30.8)
Drinker	83 (69.2)
Type of NHE
Life turning point health examination	38 (31.7)
General health examination	82 (68.3)
Type of institution
Private clinic	30 (25.0)
Health screening clinic	40 (33.3)
General hospital	29 (24.2)
University Hospital	11 (9.2)
Visiting health screening program	9 (7.5)
Others	1 (0.8)
Experience of NHE
Once	15 (12.5)
More than once	105 (87.5)
Purpose of undergoing NHE
Disease prevention	95 (79.8)
Management of comorbidities	31 (26.1)
Request from government or workplace	63 (52.9)
Disadvantage when not undergoing NHE	29 (24.4)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as n (%). Missing data were excluded.

Table 2.

NHE examinees’ responses whether counseling helped to improve lifestyles

	Yes	No
Counseling for physical activity	35 (83.3)	7 (16.7)
Counseling for drinking	10 (62.5)	6 (37.5)
Counseling for obesity	6 (40.0)	9 (60.0)
Counseling for smoking	2 (20.0)	8 (80.0)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as n (%).

Table 3.

Mean Likert scores of examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form and responses after the NHE

	Value
Examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form
General health examination
Visual, auditory abnormality	4.03 (0.83)
Obesity	3.92 (0.74)
Hypertension	3.82 (0.81)
Urine test Chest X-ray	3.68 (0.85) 3.49 (0.76)
Blood test	3.36 (0.81)
Health risk assessment
Disease specific health risk	3.88 (0.69)
Health risk identification	3.74 (0.80)
Health risk modification	3.64 (0.89)
Whether examinees felt necessary for lifestyle modification
Smoking cessation	3.45 (1.29)
Physical activity	3.42 (1.40)
Alcohol consumption	2.72 (1.27)
Whether life turning point health examination helped to evaluate health status
Osteoporosis risk assessment	4.60 (0.84)
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia Physical function of the elderly	4.10 (1.21) 4.00 (1.21)
Fall down and voiding difficulty	3.90 (1.21)
Mood status	3.74 (1.35)

Abbreviation: NHE, national health examination. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation). Missing data were excluded.

Table 4.

Examinees’ knowledge of the result form of life turning point health examination

	Good	Bad
Osteoporosis risk assessment	10 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Mood status	37 (97.4)	1 (2.6)
Physical function of the elderly	18 (90.0)	2 (10.0)
Fall down and voiding difficulty	17 (85.0)	3 (15.0)
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia	17 (85.0)	3 (15.0)

Values are presented as n (%).

Table 5.

Mean Likert scores of examinees’ knowledge of the NHE result form according to health screening related factors

	Age						P-value^d	Sex		P-value^e
	40-49		50-59		60-69			Mean	Women
	Mean (SD)	Ref^c	Mean (SD)	P-value^c	Mean (SD)	P-value^c		Mean (SD)
General health examination
Obesity	4.04 (0.67)^a	-	4.12 (0.64)^a	0.398	3.60 (0.81)^b	0.033	0.003	3.89 (0.73)	3.94 (0.75)	0.743
Hypertension	3.93 (0.77)	-	3.97 (0.67)	0.950	3.55 (0.90)	0.034	0.036	3.91 (0.72)	3.73 (0.88)	0.235
Visual, auditory abnormality	4.24 (0.74)^a	-	4.18 (0.63)^a	0.701	3.65 (0.98)^b	0.001	0.002	4.11 (0.76)	3.95 (0.90)	0.315
Blood test	3.52 (0.86)^a	-	3.56 (0.66)^a	0.900	3.00 (0.75)^b	0.003	0.002	3.30 (0.76)	3.41 (0.85)	0.489
Urine test Chest X-ray	3.70 (0.87) 3.63 (0.77)^a	- -	3.79 (0.81) 3.65 (0.60)^a	0.369 0.638	3.58 (0.87) 3.20 (0.79)^b	0.904 0.034	0.543 0.010	3.70 (0.81) 3.59 (0.73)	3.67 (0.89) 3.41 (0.77)	0.875 0.187
Health risk assessment
Disease specific health risk	3.98 (0.65)^a		4.09 (0.62)^a		3.58 (0.71)^b		0.002	3.93 (0.68)	3.83 (0.70)	0.431
Health risk identification	3.91 (0.76)^a		3.88 (0.77)^a		3.43 (0.81)^b		0.008	3.79 (0.82)	3.70 (0.79)	0.577
Health risk modification	3.83 (0.82)^a		3.76 (0.82)^a		3.33 (0.94)^b		0.020	3.68 (0.86)	3.61 (0.92)	0.672
	Institution						P-value^d	Experience		P-value^e
	Health screening clinic		Private clinic		General hospital			Once	More than once
	Mean (SD)	Ref^c	Mean (SD)	P-value^c	Mean (SD)	P-value^c		Mean (SD)
General health examination
Obesity	3.73 (0.78)	-	3.90 (0.84)	0.353	4.00 (0.60)	0.108	0.249	3.87 (0.64)	3.92 (0.76)	0.781
Hypertension	3.53 (0.78)^b	-	3.90 (0.88)^a	0.058	4.00 (0.72)^a	0.008	0.022	3.53 (0.92)	3.86 (0.79)	0.148
Visual, auditory abnormality	3.55 (0.78)^b	-	4.23 (0.90)^a	<0.001	4.25 (0.67)^a	<0.001	<0.001	3.93 (0.96)	4.04 (0.82)	0.651
Blood test	3.13 (0.72)	-	3.40 (0.81)	0.163	3.50 (0.82)	0.029	0.093	3.13 (0.74)	3.39 (0.81)	0.250
Urine test	3.28 (0.72)^b	-	4.00 (0.91)^a	<0.001	3.78 (0.80)^a	0.009	0.001	3.33 (0.90)	3.73 (0.84)	0.088
Chest X-ray	3.15 (0.77)^b	-	3.57 (0.68)^a	0.017	3.65 (0.66)^a	0.002	0.005	3.33 (0.82)	3.51 (0.75)	0.388
Health risk assessment
Disease specific health risk	3.80 (0.79)		3.90 (0.71)		3.83 (0.59)		0.834	3.87 (0.74)	3.88 (0.69)	0.961
Health risk identification	3.68 (0.89)		3.53 (0.78)		3.83 (0.71)		0.318	3.93 (0.70)	3.71 (0.82)	0.326
Health risk modification	3.60 (0.98)		3.57 (0.77)		3.63 (0.90)		0.965	3.67 (0.90)	3.64 (0.89)	0.908

Abbreviations: NHE, national health examination; SD, standard deviation. Post-hoc analysis:

^a >

^b (P<0.05).

^c Values were obtained from linear regression models. Age group and institution were adjusted in the linear regression analyses.

^d P-value was obtained from ANOVA.

^e P-value was obtained from student t-test.

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