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Shin, Lee, Kang, Jang, Ham, and Choi: A Program to Build Preschooler’s Eating Habit Based on Social Cognitive Theory
Original Article

Korean J Health Promot 2015;15(4):244-253.

Published online: 19 December 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.4.244

A Program to Build Preschooler’s Eating Habit Based on Social Cognitive Theory

Yun Hee Shin1, Tae Hee Lee1, Min Ju Kang1, Ha Yeon Jang1, Hye Mi Ham1, Eun Hee Choi2

1Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea

2Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea

￭ Corresponding author：Yun Hee Shin, RN, PhD Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea Tel: +82-33-741-0387, Fax: +82-33-743-9490 E-mail: yhshin@yonsei.ac.kr

Received 7 September 2015       Accepted 20 November 2015

Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Human diet and eating habits are formed in childhood so that eating habits in this period have a great impact on the nutritional status of children. Eating behaviors of children are formed by those of family members at home or their diet at preschool and mass media. The purpose of this study was to develop a program to build healthy dietary habits in preschoolers based on Social Cognitive Theory, which emphasizes the dynamic interaction among an action, an individual and its environment, and to explore the effects of the program.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was be used in this study. All participants were dyads of preschoolers and one of their parents collected from two day care centers, 18 for the experimental group and 16 for the control group. The program was evaluated by their Knowledge about Nutrition and Dietary Habits among Preschoolers and Parents Perception of Preschoolers’ Dietary Habits. The program was conducted between March and June, 2015.

Results

At follow-up, knowledge related to nutrition (t＝-2.74, p＝0.010) and dietary habits (t＝-3.67, p＜0.001) among the preschoolers were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, the perception of parents on the change of their children's eating habit didn't show significant difference (t＝ 1.13, p＝0.265).

Conclusions

The results of this study is able to be used in dietary education of preschool children as one of the evidence, and be applied as an example of children's health promotion to help them have ideal eating habits, through cooperation with a university in community and day care centers.

Keywords: Theory, Food habits, Program, Child, Preschool

REFERENCES

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Figure 1.
Conceptual famework of the program.
kjhp-15-244-f1.tif
Table 1.
Summary of Intervention Program
Subject Contents Methods
1st eating hygiene Introducing to the program & pre-test Demonstration
Hand washing before meal Audiovisual media
Brushing their teeth after meal Picture board
Practice
Quiz
Hand out
Checklist for parents
2nd dining etiquette Learning table manner Demonstration
Learning dietary attitudes Audiovisual media
Learning how to use chopsticks Quiz
Hand out
Checklist for parents
3rd food and growth Learning good and bad foods for their growth Audiovisual media
Practice
Food card
Food song
Quiz
Hand out
Leaflet
4th food and health Learning various food for health Food card
Learning food and safety Food song
Learning food and culture Quiz
Leaflet
5th finale Looking back on the program Play-acting
Completion & post test Quiz
Table 2.
Homogeneity between Experimental (n＝18) and Control (n＝16) group before Intervention
Variable Category Exp-G Con-G χ2 pa
F (%) F (%)
Preschooler Male 7 (38.89) 9 (56.25) 1.02 0.311
Female 11 (61.11) 7 (43.75)
Parent Male 0 (0) 1 (6.25) 1.16 0.471
Female 18 (100) 15 (93.75)
Parent’s education Below high school 10 (55.56) 6 (37.50) 1.78 0.467
College graduate 5 (27.78) 8 (50.00)
Over university 3 (16.67) 2 (12.50)
Parent’s monthly income (won) ＜3,000,000 7 (41.18) 7 (43.75) 2.50 0.368
3,000,000-5,000,000 10 (58.82) 7 (43.75)
＞5,000,000 0 (0) 2 (12.50)
Variable Group Mean SD SE t pb
Age Preschooler Exp 6.00 0 0 -1.46 0.164
Con 5.87 0.34 0.08
Parent Exp 34.00 5.92 1.43 1.10 0.280
Con 36.00 4.03 1.04
Knowledge for nutrition Exp 66.20 16.04 3.78 -0.64 0.527
Con 62.50 17.74 4.44
Knowledge for dietary habits Exp 66.67 13.74 3.24 1.40 0.170
Con 73.61 15.11 3.78
Preschoolers’ dietary habitsc Exp 3.58 0.30 0.07 -0.27 0.790
Con 3.55 0.40 0.10

Abbreviations: Exp-G, experimental group; Con-G, control group; F, frequency; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.

a Calculated by Chi-Square test (Fisher’s exact test).

b Calculated by two-sample t-test.

c Preschoolers’ dietary habits that their parents perceive.

Table 3.
Comparison between two groups
Pre-test M±SD Post-test M±SD MD SE Paired-t pa t pb
Knowledge for nutrition Exp 66.20±16.04 90.74±10.65 24.54 3.33 7.36 ＜0.001 -2.74 0.010
Con 62.50±17.74 71.35±12.16 8.85 4.78 1.85 0.084
Knowledge for dietary habits Exp 66.67±13.74 92.59±9.34 25.93 3.70 7.00 ＜0.001 -3.67 ＜0.001
Con 73.61±15.11 75.69±13.59 2.08 5.48 0.38 0.709
Preschoolers’ dietary habitsc Exp 3.58±0.30 3.58±0.34 0 0.06 -0.04 0.967 1.13 0.265
Con 3.55±0.40 3.65±0.38 0.10 0.07 1.48 0.160

Abbreviations: MD, mean difference; SE, standard error; Exp, experimental group; Con, control group.

a Calculated by paired t-test.

b Calculated by two-sample t-test.

c Preschoolers’ dietary habits that their parents perceive.

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