Renal Sodium Transporters and Water Channels

Hye-Young Kim

doi:10.5646/jksh.2013.19.1.17

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Kim: Renal Sodium Transporters and Water Channels

Review

J Korean Soc Hypertens 2013;19(1):17-22.

Published online: 10 March 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5646/jksh.2013.19.1.17

Renal Sodium Transporters and Water Channels

Hye-Young Kim, MD

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea

Correspondence to: Hye-Young Kim, MD Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, 361-711, Korea Tel: +82-43-269-6017, Fax: +82-43-273-3252 E-mail: hyekim@chungbuk.ac.kr

Received 5 March 201316 March 2013 Accepted 16 March 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is closely related to salt and water retention. The kidney plays an important role in the blood pressure regulation primarily to modulating tubular sodium and water reabsorption. The regulation of the salt and water balance depends upon an array of solute and water channels in the renal tubules. An altered regulation of sodium and water channels in the kidney may be related to various pathological conditions associated with altered salt and water retention. This review will discuss renal handling of sodium and water, with particular emphasis on aquaporins and renal sodium transporters and channels.

Keywords: Aquaporins, Sodium, Membrane transport proteins, Kidney

References

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Table 1.

Renal sodium transporters and channels

Protein	Localization	Transport	Physiology
Sodium-protein exchanger type 3 (NHE-3)	PT	Na⁺, H⁺	ECFV, BP, acid-base regulation
Sodium-phosphate cotransporter type 2 (NaPi-2)	PT	Na⁺, P⁺	ECFV, BP, P+ metabolism
Sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter-2 (NKCC2)	TAL	Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-	ECFV, BP
Sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC)	DT	Na⁺, Cl^-	ECFV, BP
Epithelial sodium channel (ENac)	CD	Na⁺	ECFV, BP

PT, proximal tubule; TAL, thick ascending limb; DT, distal tubule; CD, collecting duct; ECFV, extracellular fluid volume, BP, blood pressure.

Table 2.

Renal water channels

Protein	Localization	Transport	Physiology
Aquaporin-1	Apical and basolateral plasma membrane of PT, thin limb of Henle’s loop cells and descending vasa recta	Water	Urine concentration, cell migration
Aquaporin-7	Apical plasma membrane of PT (S3)	Water, anion, glicerol	Water reabsorption, glycerol reabsorption
Aquaporin-11	Endoplasmic reticulum of PT	Water	Organelle maintenance
Aquaporin-2	Apical plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle of CD principal cell	Water	Urine concentration
Aquaporin-3	Basolateral plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle of CD principal cell	Water and urea	Urine concentration
Aquaporin-4	Basolateral plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle of CD principal cell	Water	Urine concentration
Aquaporin-6	Intracellular vesicles of CD intercalated cells	Water, anion, glicerol	Urine concentration, acid secretion

PT, proximal tubule; CD, collecting duct.

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