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ABSTRACT
Background:
Aronox is an anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia melanocarpa E which is known to have anti-inflammatory effect in atherosclerosis due to high anti-oxidative activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Aronox on hypertension and metabolic status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
Methods:
Seven-week-old male SHR were orally administrated with Aronox (low dose; 100 mg/kg, n = 4 or high dose; 200 mg/kg, n = 3) or amlodipine (10 mg/kg, n = 7) and sham (n = 10) for 8 weeks. Aronox was administered 30 mg/kg for the first 3 weeks and then increased to 100 mg/kg (low dose group) or 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg (high dose group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every week by tail cuff method. At 8 weeks, fasting lipid level was measured. Heart and kidney stained with Masson’s trichrome.
Results:
Aronox or amlodipine treatment showed significantly lower SBP compared with sham (202.2 ± 10.2 mm Hg in low dose group, 202.0 ± 12.6 mm Hg in high dose group and 187.4 ± 22.7 mm Hg in amlodipine group vs. 224.4 ± 12 mm Hg in sham-SHR, p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in cardiac and renal weight corrected by body weight among 3 groups. Aronox and amlodipine treatments significantly decreased fasting glucose and showed a trend of decrease in triglyceride level. Aronox or amlodipine treatment for 8 weeks showed less collagen deposition changes compared to sham.
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Fig. 1.
The flow chart of systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes during treatment of aronox or amlodpine. From the point of 5 week treatment, the treatment groups with aronox or amlodipine showed significant lower SBP compared with sham group. *p < 0.05 for sham vs. aronox 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and amlodipine. SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Fig. 2.
Microscopic findings of effects of aronox or amlodpine on cardiac fibrosis. Masson’s trichrome staining of left ventricle for collagen (blue) detection showed more fibrotic changes around perivascular region in sham group (A) compared with aronox or amlodipine treatment group (B-D) (100×). SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Fig. 3.
Microscopic findings of effects of aronox or amlodpine on renal fibrosis. Masson’s trichrome staining of kidney for collagen (blue) detection showed more fibrotic changes around perivascular (100×) region in sham group (A) compared witharonox or amlodipine treatment group (B-D) (100×). SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Table 1.
Body weight (BW), heart & left ventricle wet weights normalized by BW and kidney wet weights normalized by BW in aronox-administrated SHR
Table 2.
The serum level of total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride in aronox-administrated SHR
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