Impact of Parenting Stress and Husband's Support on Breastfeeding Adaptation among Breastfeeding Mothers

Seung Hui Heo; Yoon Goo Noh

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2017.23.4.233

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Heo and Noh: Impact of Parenting Stress and Husband's Support on Breastfeeding Adaptation among Breastfeeding Mothers

Original Aricle

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2017;23(4):233-242.

Published online: 20 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2017.23.4.233

Impact of Parenting Stress and Husband's Support on Breastfeeding Adaptation among Breastfeeding Mothers

Seung Hui Heo¹, Yoon Goo Noh^2,

¹Cham Joen Obstetrics ․ Gynecology, Jinju, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea

Corresponding author: Noh, Yoon Goo Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea. Tel: +82-55-213-3577, Fax: +82-55-213-3579, E-mail: ygnoh@hanmail.net

Received 13 July 201711 October 2017 Accepted 31 October 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study investigated the relationships among parenting stress, husband's support, and breastfeeding adaptation in mothers.

Methods

A correlational survey design was utilized in this study. Data were collected from 181 breastfeeding mothers with infants under 12 months of age. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic, a child photo studio, or from the kid's cafe from July 22 to September 13, 2016. Instruments for collecting data included Childcare Stress Inventory (CSI), Husband's Support scale, and the Breastfeeding Adaptation scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

Results

Of the 181 subjects, 54.7% responded they only breastfed with 75.7% who received breastfeeding education. Seventy-two percent of mothers made a decision to breastfeed by themselves. The mean score was 2.39±0.53 for parenting stress, 3.07±0.43 for husband's support, and 3.85±0.49 for breastfeeding adaptation. Factors influencing breastfeeding adaptation were identified as lower parenting stress (β=-.54), greater husband's support (β=.31), breastfeeding (β=.31), and older age of baby (β=.14), with 56.0% that explained variance.

Conclusion

This study reports that parenting stress has negative effect on breastfeeding adaptation, while husband's support has positive effect. Results may be useful in developing new strategies for enhancing breastfeeding adaptation.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Psychological adaptation, Parenting, Social support

References

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Table 1.

General and Breastfeeding Characteristics of Subjects (N=181)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
Age (yr)		31.5±3.88
	＜30	44 (24.3)
	30∼34	103 (56.9)
	≥35	34 (18.8)
Education	≤High school	28 (15.5)
	College	50 (27.6)
	University	91 (50.3)
	Graduate school	12 (6.6)
Occupation	Yes	72 (39.8)
	No	109 (60.2)
Subjective perception of family income	Not enough	42 (23.2)
	Reasonable	105 (58.0)
	Enough	34 (18.8)
Mother's subjective health status	Not healthy	13 (7.2)
	Average	83 (45.8)
	Healthy	72 (39.8)
	Very healthy	13 (7.2)
Baby's age (month)		5.3±3.82
	＜3	61 (33.7)
	3∼＜6	53 (29.3)
	6∼＜9	35 (19.3)
	≥9	32 (17.7)
Child order	First	93 (51.4)
	Second	73 (40.3)
	Third	15 (8.3)
Delivery type	Vaginal birth	93 (51.4)
	Induced birth	17 (9.4)
	Caesarean birth	71 (39.2)
Rooming-in	Yes	50 (27.6)
	No	131 (72.4)
Previous breastfeeding experience	Yes	88 (48.6)
	No	93 (51.4)
Feeding type during hospitalization	Breastfeeding	40 (22.1)
	Mixed or formula	141 (77.9)
Current type of feeding	Breastfeeding	99 (54.7)
	Mixed-feeding	82 (45.3)
Breastfeeding education	Yes	137 (75.7)
	No	44 (24.3)
Housework assistant	Yes	158 (87.3)
	No	23 (12.7)
Person who recommended breastfeeding	Self	132 (72.9)
	Husband	12 (6.6)
	Parent	21 (11.6)
	Others	16 (8.8)
Breastfeeding problem	Yes	151 (83.4)
	No	30 (16.6)

Table 2.

Levels of Parenting Stress, Husband's Support, and Breastfeeding Adaptation (N=181)

Variables	Range	Min	Max	M±SD
Parenting stress	1∼5	1.2	4.3	2.4±0.53
Husband's support	1∼4	1.7	4.0	3.1±0.43
Breastfeeding adaptation	1∼5	2.5	4.7	3.8±0.49

Table 3.

Parenting Stress, Husband's Support, and Breastfeeding Adaptation by General and Breastfeeding Characteristics (N=181)

			Parenting stress		Husband's support		Breastfeeding adaptation
Characteristics	Categories	n	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Age (yr)	＜30	44	2.3±0.61	0.54	3.0±0.43	0.08	3.7±0.51	0.97
	30∼34	103	2.4±0.51	(.582)	3.0±0.45	(.921)	3.8±0.49	(.381)
	≥35	34	2.3±0.51		3.0±0.41		3.9±0.45
Education	≤High school	28	2.2±0.58	1.25	3.0±0.28	0.30	3.9±0.51	0.38
	College	50	2.3±0.51	(.294)	3.0±0.43	(.823)	3.8±0.43	(.767)
	University	91	2.4±0.55		3.0±0.48		3.8±0.52
	Graduate school	12	2.4±0.34		3.1±0.37		3.7±0.44
Occupation	Yes	72	2.3±0.54	–1.27	3.0±0.38	0.59	3.9±0.51	2.34
	No	109	2.4±0.53	(.204)	3.0±0.47	(.554)	3.7±0.46	(.021)
Perception of family income	Insufficient^a	42	2.5±0.45	2.12	3.0±0.34	3.88	3.7±0.49	3.74
	Suitable^b	105	2.3±0.57	(.123)	3.0±0.47	(.022)	3.8±0.48	(.026)
	Sufficient^c	34	2.2±0.49		3.2±0.39	c＞a	4.0±0.48	c＞a
Mother's subjective	Not healthy^a	13	2.8±0.68	6.30	2.8±0.50	2.14	3.6±0.67	4.74
health status	Average^b	83	2.4±0.51	(＜.001)	3.0±0.45	(.097)	3.7±0.45	(.003)
	Healthy^c	72	2.2±0.48	a＞c, d	3.0±0.40		3.9±0.47	d＞a
	Very healthy^d	13	2.2±0.55		3.3±0.40		4.0±0.44
Baby's age (month)	＜3^a	61	2.4±0.57	1.80	3.1±0.41	3.03	3.7±0.50	3.76
	3∼＜6^b	53	2.4±0.54	(.148)	3.1±0.36	(.031)	3.8±0.46	(.012)
	6∼＜9^c	35	2.3±0.45		2.8±0.46	a＞c	3.9±0.47	d＞a
	≥9^d	32	2.2±0.53		3.0±0.52		4.0±0.46
Birth order	First^a	93	2.4±0.58	3.39	3.1±0.42	2.90	3.8±0.53	0.53
	Second^b	73	2.2±0.45	(.036)	3.0±0.41	(.058)	3.8±0.47	(.440)
	≥Third^c	15	2.3±0.54	a＞b	2.8±0.53		3.9±0.32
Delivery type	Vaginal	93	2.4±0.54	0.39	3.0±0.48	0.59	3.8±0.46	0.01
	Induced	17	2.2±0.63	(.680)	3.1±0.29	(.554)	3.8±0.63	(.995)
	C/sec	71	2.3±0.51		3.0±0.39		3.8±0.50
Rooming-in	Yes	50	2.3±0.49	–1.42	3.0±0.49	–0.44	3.9±０.49	0.92
	No	131	2.4±0.55	(.157)	3.0±0.41	(.658)	3.8±０.49	(.360)
Breastfeeding	Yes	88	2.3±0.48	–2.27	3.0±0.43	–2.34	3.8±0.44	0.80
experience	No	93	2.4±0.57	(.024)	3.1±0.43	(.025)	3.8±0.53	(.423)
Feeding type during	Breastfeeding	40	2.2±0.52	–2.13	3.1±0.38	2.0	3.9±0.51	1.60
hospitalization	Mixed or formula	141	2.4±0.53	(.035)	3.0±0.44	(.047)	3.8±0.48	(.113)
Current type of	Breastfeeding	99	2.3±0.53	–0.09	3.0±0.47	–1.32	3.9±0.46	4.38
feeding	Mixed-feeding	82	2.3±0.55	(.925)	3.1±0.37	(.188)	3.6±0.48	(＜.001)
Breastfeeding	Yes	137	2.3±0.56	0.00	3.0±0.45	–0.29	3.8±0.51	0.44
education	No	44	2.3±0.46	(.999)	3.0±0.36	(.772)	3.8±0.43	(.664)
Housework assistant	Yes	158	2.3±0.53	0.23	3.0±0.44	2.31	3.8±0.48	–0.10
	No	23	2.3±0.55	(.822)	2.9±0.32	(.027)	3.8±0.54	(.919)
Person who	By oneself	132	2.3±0.50	2.42	3.0±0.43	1.65	3.8±0.45	0.85
recommended	Husband	12	2.5±0.66	(.068)	3.1±0.44	(.181)	3.7±0.67	(.468)
breastfeeding	Parent	21	2.6±0.43		3.2±0.35		3.7±0.51
	Others	16	2.2±0.74		2.9±0.51		3.7±0.65
Breastfeeding	Yes	151	2.4±0.53	3.01	3.0±0.43	–2.04	3.8±0.48	–3.05
problem	No	30	2.1±0.49	(.003)	3.2±0.43	(.043)	4.0±0.46	(.003)

Table 4.

Relationships among Variables (N=181)

Variables	Parenting stress	Husband's support	Breastfeeding adaptation
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Husband's support	–.18 (.015)	1
Breastfeeding adaptation	–.62 (＜.001)	.35 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors Influencing on Breastfeeding Adaptation (N=181)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Adj. R²
Baby's age (month)	.001	.001	.14	2.60	.010	.05
Current type of feeding 1=breastfeeding	.30	.05	.31	6.00	＜.001	.11
Husband's support	.35	.06	.31	6.08	＜.001	.29
Parenting stress	–.50	.05	–.54	–10.58	＜.001	.56
	F=58.56, p＜.001, Durbin-Watson=1.89, Tolerance=.88∼94, VIF=1.06∼1.13

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