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Park, Cho, and Kim: Multiple-Case Studies of Hand-on Breast Massage Techniques used by Breastfeeding Experts
Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2017;23(3):155-165.

Published online: 17 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2017.23.3.155

Multiple-Case Studies of Hand-on Breast Massage Techniques used by Breastfeeding Experts

Hyunsoon Park1, Insook Cho2, , Min-Kyeong Kim3

1Department of Nursing, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea

2Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea

3Department of Nursing, Hyejeon College, Hongseong, Korea

Corresponding author: Cho, Insook Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Namgu, Incheon 22212, Korea. Tel: +82-32-860-8201, Fax: +82-32-874-8201, E-mail: insook.cho@inha.ac.kr

Received 15 November 20164 September 2017       Accepted 6 September 2017

Copyright © 2017 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to understand the hand-on breast massage techniques used by well-known experts in breastfeeding clinics.

Methods

A qualitative multiple-case design was applied that involved a feasibility test. Four experts sampling qualitative data collected by observing participants and in individual interviews were analyzed by content analysis, linking data to the propositions, and cross-case pattern matching. This study explored differences within and between cases, and the possibilities of replicating findings across cases. Thirty-nine postpartum women participated voluntarily in the feasibility test, which investigated the usability of four massage techniques.

Results

The four techniques showed considerable similarities in terms of the application of stimulation to the breast base and increased flexibility of the wired flexible body, which was the core mechanism underlying the techniques. The breast management strategies were consistent with existing practice guidelines with the exception of using cold cabbage to control engorgement pain. There was insufficient scientific evidence for supporting the massage techniques used by the experts. All of the techniques showed 100% education completeness, but application rates were higher for self-control-oriented techniques.

Conclusion

The massage techniques applied by experts in breastfeeding were based on hypotheses and self-control techniques are feasible to apply in practice.

Keywords: Breast, Breastfeeding, Massage, Techniques

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Figure 1.
Research scope of this multi-case analysis study.
kjwhn-23-155f1.tif
Figure 2.
Qualitative data analysis method applied in this study.
kjwhn-23-155f2.tif
Figure 3.
Breast massage techniques of the four cases.
kjwhn-23-155f3.tif
Table 1.
Feasibility Test Results for Four Breast Massage Techniques
Measurement Group 1 (n=10) Group 2 (n=9) Group 3 (n=10) Group 4 (n=10) Total (n=39)
Oketani Itongkok Itongkok-mom Self-mamma control  
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Number of woman who completed the massage training 10 (100.0) 9 (100.0) 10 (100.0) 10 (100.0) 39 (100.0)
Number of woman who has used the massage after 2 weeks 4 (40.0) 4 (44.4) 9 (90.0) 10 (100.0) 27 (69.2)
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