Effects of Birth Control Empowerment Program for Married Immigrant Vietnamese Women in South Korea

Jihyun Kim; Nam Cho Kim

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2017.23.1.1

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Kim and Kim: Effects of Birth Control Empowerment Program for Married Immigrant Vietnamese Women in South Korea

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2017;23(1):1-10.

Published online: 17 March 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2017.23.1.1

Effects of Birth Control Empowerment Program for Married Immigrant Vietnamese Women in South Korea

Jihyun Kim¹, Nam Cho Kim^2,

¹Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea

²College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Nam Cho College of Nursing, Catholic University, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-7114, Fax: +82-2-532-6537, E-mail: jheyeline@hanmail.net

Received 24 October 201612 December 2016 Accepted 21 February 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Aims of the researchers were to develop an birth control empowerment program(BCEP) designed to help married immigrant women in Korea to plan their pregnancies.

Methods

This study was as a randomized controlled trial to verify the effects of the BCEP. The BCEP was developed based on Falk-Rafael (2001)'s Empowerment caring model. The programwas offered once aweek, for 90minutes per session, for a total of 10weeks. The BCEP incorporated group instruction, group discussion, and counseling. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group (n=23) or control group (n=23).

Results

Participants in the intervention group had significantly better outcomes in contraceptive knowledge (p<.001), contraceptive self-efficacy (p=.014), perceived contraceptive control (p<.001), sex-related spousal communication (p<.001), and sexual autonomy (p=.009).

Conclusion

The BCEP was effective intervention method, which can promote family planning practices among married immigrant women.

Keywords: Contraception, Women, Immigrants

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Figure 1.

The flow diagram of the study sample.

Figure 2.

Theoretical framework of this study based on the empowerment caring model.

Table 1.

Contents of the Birth Control Empowerment Program (BCEP)

	No	Contents	Strategies	Duration
Problem recognition	1	· Establishing the necessity of birth control and recognition · Recognizing the issues of birth control	· Perceived control	90 min
Exposure to problem	2	· Recognizing one's birth control issues · Factors that impede and improve birth control · Identifying communication issues of couples associated with birth control	· Self efficacy · Cultivating knowledge	90 min
Problem solving	3	· Birth control method education: Oral pill, Condom, Withdrawal, Intra Uterine Device (IUD), Emergency contraceptive pills · Re-examining one's birth control method	and skills · Active participation	90 min
Problem solving	4	· Birth control method education: Vasectomy, Fallopian tube excision, Subdermal implant, Rhythm method, Spermicide · Re-examining one's birth control method	· Social support	90 min
Selection and application	5	· Selecting the most proper birth control method for oneself · Adjustment of birth control method through communication of couples		90 min
Reconstruction	6	· Retraining reconstructed birth control methods · Expressing one's feelings and thoughts about applying reconstructed birth control method		90 min
Continuous action	7~10	· Encouraging continuous birth control behavior and counseling on Birth control issues		90 min

Table 2.

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics between Two Groups (N=46)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (N=23)	Cont. (N=23)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (yr)		27.00±5.15	26.61±3.73	0.30	.769
Marital period (month)		35.91±28.34	41.91±25.6	-0.76	.453
Level of education	Less than high school	15 (65.2)	14 (60.9)	0.93	.760
	High school and above	8 (34.8)	9 (39.1)
Number of children	None	7 (30.4)	8 (34.8)		.861^†
	1	12 (52.2)	10 (43.5)
	2	4 (17.4)	5 (21.7)
Type of family	Nuclear	4 (17.4)	6 (26.1)		.722^†
	Extended	19 (82.6)	17 (73.9)
Job status	Employed	16 (69.6)	18 (78.3)	0.66	.513
	Unemployed	7 (30.4)	5 (21.7)
Religion	No	7 (30.4)	10 (43.5)	0.91	.371
	Yes	16 (69.6)	13 (56.5)
Birth control behavior	Use contraception	11 (47.8)	12 (52.2)	0.29	.774
	Do not use contraception	12 (52.2)	11 (47.8)

Exp=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^† Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables between Two Groups (N=46)

Variables	Possible score range	Exp. (N=23)	Cont. (N=23)	t	p
Variables	Possible score range	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	t	p
Contraceptive knowledge	0~15	5.22±2.86	6.43±3.15	-1.37	.177
Contraceptive self efficacy	1~60	39.04±9.47	40.65±5.73	-0.70	.489
Perceived contraceptive control	1~35	20.17±6.95	23.70±6.82	-1.74	.090
Sex-related spousal communication	1~30	19.96±6.10	22.00±5.44	-1.29	.196
Sexual autonomy	1~30	19.09±3.62	19.65±4.26	-0.79	.432

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4.

Effects of the BCEP on Outcome Variables (N=46)

Variables	Group	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	t or U	p
Variables	Group	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t or U	p
Contraceptive	Exp.	5.22±2.86	10.17±2.33	4.96±0.77	4.07	.001 ＜
knowledge	Cont.	6.43±3.15	7.22±3.47	0.78±3.52
Contraceptive	Exp.	39.04±9.47	45.96±5.24	6.91±9.17	2.57	.014
self-efficacy	Cont.	40.65±5.72	41.17±5.47	0.52±7.63
Perceived	Exp.	20.17±6.95	28.78±5.60	8.61±1.86	4.16	.001 ＜ †
contraceptive control	Cont.	23.70±6.82	23.13±5.98	-0.57±1.89
Sex-related spousal	Exp.	19.96±6.10	24.57±3.47	4.61±5.36	3.65	.001 ＜
communication	Cont.	22.00±5.44	19.91±4.82	-2.09±5.88
Sexual autonomy	Exp.	19.09±3.62	22.87±4.26	3.78±4.82	2.63	.009
Sexual autonomy	Cont.	19.65±4.26	20.00±3.18	035±4.78

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^† Mann-Whitney U test.

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