Effect of Abdominal Massage before In Vitro Fertilization Injection on Alleviating Pain among Infertile Women

Ja Ock Ku; Young Joo Park; Jeong Wook Kim; Eun Joung Jeon; Jeong Hee Jang; Young Hee Cho; Hwa Yeun Cho; Jum Mi Park; Seung Shin Lee

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2016.22.2.78

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Ku, Park, Kim, Jeon, Jang, Cho, Cho, Park, and Lee: Effect of Abdominal Massage before In Vitro Fertilization Injection on Alleviating Pain among Infertile Women

Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2016; 22(2): 78-85.

Published online: 28 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2016.22.2.78

Effect of Abdominal Massage before In Vitro Fertilization Injection on Alleviating Pain among Infertile Women

Ja Ock Ku, Young Joo Park, Jeong Wook Kim, Eun Joung Jeon, Jeong Hee Jang, Young Hee Cho, Hwa Yeun Cho, Jum Mi Park, Seung Shin Lee

CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Park, Jum Mi. CHA Gangnam Medical Center, 566 Nonhyon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-913, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3468-3254, Fax: +82-2-567-1286, jump590813@hanmail.net

Received 14 February 2016 Revised 20 May 2016 Accepted 12 June 2016

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage on alleviating pain caused by the injection of recombinant gonadotropin for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) among infertile women.

Methods

This study employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total sample of 149 infertile women who never experienced in vitro fertilization was recruited at C fertility center. Seventy women were assigned into experimental group and 79 into controls. The experimental group had been informed to do abdominal massage prior to the injection and to record their subjective pain using visual analogue scale. The control group had been informed to record their subjective pain in the same way just after the injection.

Results

Compared to the pre-tested pain scores, the pain scores in experimental group were significantly reduced by 0.7 points, whereas the control group increased by 0.9 points (t=-4.55, p=.001).

Conclusion

This study confirms that the use of abdominal massage prior to the injection is an effective way to alleviate pain on injection site. This massage may be a useful intervention for infertile women about pain alleviation.

Keywords: Infertile women, Injection, Pain, Massage

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics between Two Groups (N=149)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=70)	Cont. (n=79)	x²	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Age (year)	20~30	5 (7.1)	3 (3.8)	0.86	.650
	31~40	53 (75.7)	63 (79.7)
	41~50	12 (17.1)	13 (16.5)
Having job	Yes	46 (65.7)	56 (70.9)	0.46	.498
Having job	No	24 (34.3)	23 (29.1)	0.46	.498
Having children	Yes	39 (55.7)	45 (57.0)	0.02	.878
Having children	No	31 (44.3)	34 (43.0)	0.02	.878
Husband's order in his family	Only son	28 (40.0)	37 (46.8)	2.54	.467
	First	10 (14.3)	6 (7.6)
	Second	28 (40.1)	29 (36.7)
	Last	4 (5.7)	7 (8.9)
Family income (10,000 won)	≤200	3 (4.3)	5 (6.3)	1.60	.808
	201~300	12 (17.1)	9 (11.4)
	301~400	14 (20.0)	19 (24.1)
	401~500	16 (22.9)	16 (20.3)
	≥501	25 (35.7)	30 (38.0)

Cont.=Control group, Exp.=Experimental group.

Table 2

Homogeneity of Infertility Characteristics between Two Groups (N=149)

Variables	Categories	Exp. (n=70)	Cont. (n=79)	x² or t	p
Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
IVF experience	Yes	23 (32.9)	23 (29.1)	3.37	.643
IVF experience	No	47 (67.1)	56 (70.9)	3.37	.643
Infertility factor	Unknown	35 (50.0)	56 (70.9)	6.83	.078
	Both	5 (7.1)	3 (3.8)
	Woman (wife)	21 (30.0)	14 (17.7)
	Man (husband)	9 (12.9)	6 (7.6)
Financial burden	Mild	11 (15.7)	9 (11.4)	5.64	.228
	Moderate	31 (44.3)	39 (49.4)
	Heavy burden	28 (40.0)	31 (39.2)
Stress from infertility (point)		6.3±2.4	6.8±2.3	-1.38	.168

Cont.=Control group, Exp.=Experimental group.

Table 3

Homogeneity of Injection Characteristics between Two Groups (N=149)

Variables	Categories	Exp. (n=70)	Cont. (n=79)	x² or t	p
Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Last injection experience	<3 months	47 (67.1)	48 (60.7)	3.71	.446
Last injection experience	≥3 months	23 (32.9)	31 (39.3)	3.71	.446
Count of injection (in 3 months)		2.88±5.68	2.15±4.59	0.87	.385
Fear from the pain		3.01±1.13	3.07±1.20	-0.32	.749
Pain score		3.07±0.68	3.04±1.12	-0.22	.829

Cont.=Control group, Exp.=Experimental group.

Table 4

Differences in Pain Scores before and after Abdominal Massage between Two Groups (N=149)

Groups	Pain score		t	p	Difference	t	p
	Pretest	Posttest			Difference
	M±SD	M±SD			M±SD
Exp. (n=70)	3.07±0.68	2.18±1.82	4.21	.001	-0.7±2.2	-4.55	.001
Cont. (n=79)	3.04±1.12	3.70±2.18	-002.89	.005	0.9±1.8	-4.55	.001

Cont.=Control group, Exp.=Experimental group.

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

Pain during the treatment of infertility is one of stressors among the infertile women during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) injection. Skin stimulation such as massage has been proved in alleviating the pain after the injection in other studies.

▪ What this paper adds?

This study verified the effect of abdominal massage before IVF injection in alleviating pain on injection site.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

The abdominal massage is expected to be used as a unique intervention method.

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