Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.22(3) > 1089532

Jeong and Kim: Factors Influencing Parental Satisfaction of Mothers with Preschool Children

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify degrees of parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior and parental satisfaction, and to identify factors influencing parenting satisfaction of mothers who had preschool children.

Methods

The research participants were 176 mothers. All of mothers had preschool children, aged 2 to 6 years old, and attended one of 3 day care centers or 2 Kindergartens located in J city. Data were collected by convenience sampling using self-report questionnaires which contained items on general characteristics, parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression.

Results

The average level of parenting satisfaction of mothers with preschool children was 5.38±0.79. Positive parenting behavior and affective parenting efficacy were verified factors influencing parental satisfaction. These factors accounted for 41.4% of parental satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results indicate that positive parenting behavior and affective parenting efficacy have the biggest impact on parental satisfaction. The results of this study provide the basic data for the development of parental education program aimed at improving parental satisfaction of mothers who have preschool children.

REFERENCES

1. Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D. Wong's essentials of pediatric nursing. 9th ed.Kim YH, Kwon BS, Nam HK, translator. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby;2013.
2. Creasey G, Reese M. Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of parenting hassles: Associations with psychological symptoms, nonparenting hassles, and child behavior problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 1996; 17(3):393–406.
crossref
3. Song SM, Song JS. A study on parenting beliefs, parental satisfaction, and child rearing stress. Korean Journal of Human Ecology. 2007; 16(5):933–944.
crossref
4. Halverson CF, Duke HP. Parent satisfaction scale. Touliatos J, Perlmutter BF, Straus MA, editors. editors.Handbook of family measurement techniques. California: Sage Publication;2001. p. 169–170.
5. Guidubaldi J, Cleminshaw HK. The development of the Cemin-shaw Guidubaldi Parent Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1985; 14(4):293–298.
6. Park HS, Kim YY. The effects of parenting sense of competence and parent-child communication on parent-child relational satisfaction and parental role satisfaction. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2009; 18(3):297–304.
7. Yang YJ. Comparative study on parenting stress and role satisfaction between mothers who have young children with and without disabilities [master's thesis]. Asan: Soonchunhyang University;2005.
8. Noh AM. The influences of parenting stress and self-differentiation on parental role satisfaction in mothers with infant. The Journal of Education. 2009; 20(5):35–51.
9. Lee MJ, Kim YM. A comparative study of parental competency, parenting practices, and social support between late and young parents. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education. 2007; 49:289–309.
10. Park KI, Oh SE. Effects of active parenting today based on goal attainment theory on parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2012; 42(5):659–670.
crossref
11. Jeong MH. A study on validity of the parenting efficacy scale-a base study on development of the parenting efficacy. Korean Journal of Parent Education. 2010; 7(1):45–58.
12. Kim GH, Lee JM. A study on the structure model of parental role satisfaction and marital satisfaction on the relationship between mothers' parenting efficacy and life satisfaction. Korean Journal of Child Welfare. 2011; 9(3):19–39.
13. Moon HJ. A study of parental satisfaction and child rearing practices. Family and Environment Research. 2001; 39(1):205–219.
14. Kim SH. Relationships among children's temperament, parental rearing attitude, and emotional intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2003; 17(4):1–12.
15. Lee JS, Chung MJ. Children's perception of their mother's child-rearing behaviors in relation to the mothers' childhood experiences, satisfaction as a parent and spousal support in parenting. Family and Environment Research. 2007; 45(5):85–94.
16. Abidin RR. Parenting stress index. 3rd ed.Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources;1995.
17. Bogenschneider K, Small SA, Tsay JC. Child, parent, and contextual influences on perceived parenting competence among parents of adolescents. Journal of Marriage and Family. 1997; 59(2):345–362.
crossref
18. Ren RX, Hyun OK. A comparative study of Korean and Yan-bian Korean-Chinese mother's parental role satisfaction and child-rearing practices. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association. 2002; 40(11):23–37.
19. Kim AN, Kwon YS. Effect of employed mother's work-mother role conflict on parenting stress: Mediation effect of parental satisfaction. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2014; 12(10):375–384.
crossref
20. Kim IJ, Lee SH. Motherhood ideology and parental satisfaction among mothers with pre-school children. Journal of Family Relations. 2005; 10(3):1–25.
21. Kim HE, Chung OB. Effect of the empowering parents training program on mothers and their children. Korean Journal of Child Studies. 1999; 20(4):179–193.
22. Chung KM, Lee KS, Park JA, Kim HJ. Standardization study for the Korean version of Parenting Stress Index (K-PSI). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2008; 27(3):689–707.
23. Gibaud-Wallston J, Wandersman LP. Development and utility of the parental sense of competence scale. Paper presented at: 86th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association;1978. September; Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
24. Shin SJ, Chung MJ. Effects of stress, social support and efficacy on mothers' parenting behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Studies. 1998; 19(1):27–42.
25. Park SY, Lee S. A preliminary study for the standardization of the Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory. Family and Environment Research. 1990; 28(1):141–156.
26. Kim MS. Effects of parenting stress and parenting efficacy on parenting behavior among mothers: The case of those with preschoolers and school-aged children [master's thesis]. Seoul: The Catholic University of Korea;2005.
27. Seo HY, Lee SH. The effect of father's job satisfaction and family satisfaction on life satisfaction. Family and Culture. 2002; 14(3):27–51.
28. Jung IK. The relating factors on parenting satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers [dissertation]. Busan: Pusan National University;2013.
29. Hong GO. A study of the relationships between children's self-efficacy and gender, age, temperament, mothers' temperaments, and parental behaviors. Journal of Early Childhood Education. 2003; 23(4):5–21.

Table 1.
Differences in Parental Satisfaction according to Participants' Characteristics (N=176)
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD Parental satisfaction
M±SD t or F (p)
Mother age (year) <34 71 (40.3) 5.20 ±0.74 -2.45 (.015)
>35 105 (59.7) 5.50 ±0.80  
  35.07±4.10    
Duration of marriage (year) 1~5 64 (36.3) 5.22±0.84 2.25 (.108)
6~10 99 (56.3) 5.48±0.73  
>11 13 (7.4) 5.42±0.88  
  6.68±2.70    
Husband's residence Living together 163 (92.6) 5.39 ±0.79 0.73 (.478)
Don't live together 13 (7.4) 5.23 ±0.81  
Education < College 82 (46.6) 5.29 ±0.79 -1.38 (.169)
> University 94 (53.4) 5.46±0.78  
Religion Yes 108 (61.4) 5.36 ±0.81 -0.54 (.591)
No 68 (38.6) 5.42±0.75  
Occupation Yes 69 (39.2) 5.43±0.77 0.72 (.467)
No 107 (60.8) 5.35 ±0.80  
Perceived family economic status High 57 (32.4) 5.51±0.67 1.23 (.294)
Middle 109 (61.9) 5.33±0.84  
Low 10 (5.7) 5.21±0.79  
Mother's health Healthy 124 (70.5) 5.51±0.73 3.23 (.002)
Moderate 54 (29.5) 5.07±0.84  
Mother's temperament Gentle 137 (77.8) 5.46±0.77 2.32 (.024)
Difficult 39 (22.2) 5.12±0.80  
Children's gender Male 91 (51.7) 5.43±0.70 0.89 (.375)
Female 85 (48.3) 5.33 ±0.87  
Children's age (year) 2 34 (19.3) 5.57±0.74 0.79 (.830)
3 42 (23.9) 5.20 ±0.78  
4 30 (17.0) 5.46±0.88  
5 29 (16.5) 5.33 ±0.93  
6 41 (23.3) 5.40±0.66  
Number of children 1 143 (81.3) 5.36 ±0.82 -0.84 (.400)
>2 33 (18.7) 5.47±0.66  
Mother's perceived children's health Healthy 159 (89.8) 5.42±0.77 1.91 (.070)
Non healthy 18 (10.2) 5.01±0.87  
Table 2.
Levels of Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, Parenting Behavior, and Parental Satisfaction (N=176)
Variables M±SD Min Max Range
Parenting stress 2.42±0.42 1.36 3.31 1~5
Agony of parents 2.76±0.58 1.33 4.08 1~5
Dysfunction interaction between parents and children 2.11±0.47 1.17 3.42 1~5
Difficult temperament of children 2.39±0.52 1.25 3.42 1~5
Parenting efficacy 3.36±0.39 2.02 4.36 1~5
Cognitive efficacy 3.37±0.43 1.67 4.44 1~5
Affective efficacy 3.34±0.55 1.71 4.71 1~5
Parenting behavior 3.23±0.32 1.67 4.03 1~5
Positive parenting behavior 3.71±0.54 1.62 4.89 1~5
Negative parenting behavior 2.52±0.45 1.52 3.75 1~5
Parental satisfaction 5.38±0.79 2.94 7.00 1~7
Table 3.
Relationships among Research Variables (N=176)
Variables Parental satisfaction
r (p)
Parenting stress -.47 (<.001)
Agony of parents -.37 (<.001)
Dysfunction interaction between parents and children -.48 (<.001)
Difficult temperament of children -.33 (<.001)
Parenting efficacy .54 (<.001)
Cognitive efficacy .35 (<.001)
Affective efficacy .51 (<.001)
Parenting behavior .26 (<.001)
Positive parenting behavior .48 (<.001)
Negative parenting behavior -.40 (<.001)
Table 4.
Influencing Factors on Parental Satisfaction (N=176)
Variables B SE β t p
Mother's age (1=≥35 yr) .132 .096 .082 1.370 .173
Mother's health (1=healthy) .070 .109 .040 0.635 .526
Mother's temperament (1=gentle) .194 .120 .102 1.618 .108
Parenting stress          
Agony of parents -.160 .100 -.118 -1.600 .112
Dysfunction interaction between parents and children -.174 .132 -.113 -1.320 .189
Difficult temperament of children .172 .115 .124 1.500 .135
Parenting efficacy          
Cognitive efficacy -.026 .139 -.014 -0.183 .855
Affective efficacy .416 .127 .289 3.278 .001
Parenting behavior          
Positive parenting behavior .489 .114 .334 4.286 .000
Negative parenting behavior -.173 .130 -.099 -1.333 .184
    Adj. R2=.414, F=13.355, p<.001  

SE=standard errors;

Dummy variable : Mother age (1=≥35,0=<34), Mother health (1=healthy 0=Moderate), Mother temperament (1=gentle, 0=difficult).

TOOLS
Similar articles