Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs for Hospitalized Pregnant Women due to Preterm Labor

Su Hyun Kim; Hyang-In Cho Chung

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.2.83

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Kim and Cho Chung: Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs for Hospitalized Pregnant Women due to Preterm Labor

Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2015; 21(2): 83-92.

Published online: 27 June 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.2.83

Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs for Hospitalized Pregnant Women due to Preterm Labor

Su Hyun Kim¹, Hyang-In Cho Chung²

¹Department of Nursing, Dongkang College, Gwangju, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Cho Chung, Hyang-In. College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, 5 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-746, Korea. Tel: +82-62-530-4956, Fax: +82-62-227-4009, hchoch@hanmail.net

Received 12 February 2015 Revised 3 April 2015 Accepted 27 April 2015

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess levels of stress, coping style, and nursing needs for hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor.

Methods

Data were collected from 125 pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years and diagnosed with preterm labor by OBGY units at 3 hospitals. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA with Scheffé test.

Results

The level of stress among women was an average of 2.13 out of 4 points, the level of coping style was an average of 2.66, and nursing needs was an average of 2.83 out of 4 points. The level of stress was significantly different by job, length of hospital stay, type of hospital, and history of admission at obstetric unit. The level of coping style was significantly different by age and monthly income. The level of nursing needs was significantly different by type of hospital. Higher level of stress and coping style were related to higher level of nursing needs. There was no significant correlation between stress and coping style.

Conclusion

The result showed the importance of nursing intervention dealing with stress, coping style and nursing needs for women with preterm labor. Nurses need to provide nursing interventions to reduce the stress, to strengthen the coping style, and to satisfy the nursing needs for pregnant women hospitalized due to preterm labor.

Keywords: Stress, Coping, Nursing needs, Preterm labor

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General and Obstetric Characteristics of Participants (N=125)

Characteristic	Categories	n (%)	M±SD
Age (year)	20~29	41 (32.8)	31.00±3.79
Age (year)	30~39	84 (67.2)
Religion	Yes	55 (44.0)
Religion	No	70 (56.0)
Job	Yes	46 (36.8)
Job	No	79 (63.2)
Income a month (10,000 won)	<200	23 (18.4)
	200~299	41 (32.8)
	300~399	29 (23.2)
	≥400	32 (25.6)
Number of days in the hospital	5~7	80 (64.0)	8.98±9.82
Number of days in the hospital	≥7	45 (36.0)
Type of hospital	≥General hospital	49 (39.2)
Type of hospital	<General hospital	76 (60.8)
Gestational age (wks)	20+0~27+6	37 (29.6)
Gestational age (wks)	28+0~36+6	88 (70.4)
Had pregnancy experience	Yes	52 (41.6)
Had pregnancy experience	No	73 (58.4)
Had pregnancy complications	Yes	15 (12.0)
Had pregnancy complications	No	110 (88.0)
Had previous hospitalization due to preterm labor	Yes	32 (25.6)
Had previous hospitalization due to preterm labor	No	93 (74.4)
Had planned pregnancy	Yes	81 (64.8)
Had planned pregnancy	No	44 (35.2)
Participated in antepartum education program	Yes	15 (12.0)
Participated in antepartum education program	No	110 (88.0)
Had infertility treatment experience	Yes	26 (20.8)
Had infertility treatment experience	No	99 (79.2)
Had regular prenatal care	Yes	70 (56.0)
Had regular prenatal care	No	55 (44.0)

Table 2

Level of Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs (N=125)

Variables	Categories	M±SD	Items M±SD
Stress	Fetus	15.67±4.07	2.61±0.68
	Pregnant Women	34.58±8.49	2.31±0.57
	Husband	11.60±4.14	1.93±0.69
	Hospital environment	15.33±4.83	2.19±0.69
	Therapeutic activities	11.35±3.04	1.89±0.51
	Communication with clinicians	9.38±3.63	1.56±0.61
	Overall score	97.90±22.06	2.13±0.48
Coping style	Problem-focused	20.51±4.12	2.56±0.51
	Emotional-focused	27.30±4.79	2.73±0.48
	Overall score	47.80±8.10	2.66±0.45
Nursing needs	Physical care need	12.15±4.00	2.03±0.67
	Emotional care need	19.36±4.88	2.65±0.72
	Professional care need	15.92±4.29	3.23±0.81
	Educational need	34.49±9.12	3.14±0.83
	Overall score	81.90±18.91	2.83±0.65

Table 3

Differences in Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs by General Characteristics of Participants (N=125)

Variable	Categories	n	Stress		Coping style		Nursing needs
Variable	Categories	n	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)
Age (year)	20~29	41	104.41±23.22	1.60 (.113)	45.93±6.04	-2.08 (.040)	82.80±17.22	0.36 (.719)
Age (year)	30~39	84	95.74±21.28	1.60 (.113)	48.73±8.82	-2.08 (.040)	81.50±19.78	0.36 (.719)
Religion	Yes	55	99.78±22.49	0.83 (.407)	49.20±7.57	1.72 (.089)	84.38±19.15	1.29 (.200)
Religion	No	70	96.47±21.78	0.83 (.407)	46.71±8.39	1.72 (.089)	80.00±18.64	1.29 (.200)
Job	Yes	46	92.43±18.06	-2.16 (0.033)	49.35±9.28	1.53 (.130)	80.48±20.15	-0.65 (.515)
Job	No	79	101.13±23.08	-2.16 (0.033)	46.91±7.24	1.53 (.130)	82.77±18.24	-0.65 (.515)
Income a month (10,000 won)	<200	23	104.43±23.08	2.29 (.081)	43.17±7.15^a	3.43 (.019) a<b^†	80.22±19.49	1.213 (.308)
	200~299	41	100.80±22.75		49.34±7.98^b		85.95±17.53
	300~399	29	89.83±18.70		48.00±6.71		77.52±17.32
	≥400	32	96.90±21.94		49.00±9.10		82.00±21.27
Number of days in the hospital	5~7	80	93.60±21.36	-3.02 (.003)	47.69±7.99	-0.22 (.826)	80.51±19.41	-1.12 (.266)
Number of days in the hospital	≥7	45	105.62±21.42	-3.02 (.003)	48.02±8.37	-0.22 (.826)	84.44±17.94	-1.12 (.266)
Type of hospital	≤General hospital	49	107.4±122.52	4.10 (.001)	48.73±8.72	1.03 (.306)	88.86±19.12	3.43 (.001)
Type of hospital	<General hospital	76	91.82±19.60	4.10 (.001)	47.21±7.67	1.03 (.306)	77.46±17.50	3.43 (.001)

^†Scheffé test.

Table 4

Differences in Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs by Obstetric Characteristics of Participants (N=125)

Variables	Categories	n	Stress		Coping style		Nursing needs
Variables	Categories	n	M±SD	t (p)	M±SD	t (p)	M±SD	t (p)
Gestational age (wks)	20+0~27+6	37	97.65±24.32	-0.09 (.927)	48.19±8.19	0.34 (.735)	80.97±18.97	-0.37 (.716)
Gestational age (wks)	28+0~36+6	88	98.05±21.20	-0.09 (.927)	47.65±8.10	0.34 (.735)	82.33±18.99	-0.37 (.716)
Pregnancy experience	Yes	52	97.17±22.59	-0.32 (.748)	49.37±9.29	1.75 (.084)	82.98±21.50	0.50 (.616)
Pregnancy experience	No	73	98.47±21.83	-0.32 (.748)	46.70±7.00	1.75 (.084)	81.18±16.96	0.50 (.616)
Pregnancy complication	Yes	15	92.33±13.74	-1.53 (.139)	50.13±9.06	1.19 (.237)	86.60±20.47	1.02 (.310)
Pregnancy complication	No	110	98.69±22.91	-1.53 (.139)	47.49±7.95	1.19 (.237)	81.29±18.70	1.02 (.310)
Previous hospitalization experience by premature labor	Yes	32	106.69±18.94	2.67 (.009)	48.53±8.76	0.58 (.560)	83.06±19.79	0.39 (.696)
Previous hospitalization experience by premature labor	No	93	94.91±22.35	2.67 (.009)	47.56±7.90	0.58 (.560)	81.54±18.70	0.39 (.696)
Planned pregnancy	Yes	81	97.12±22.70	-0.55 (.582)	48.05±8.56	0.45 (.653)	80.25±19.16	-1.35 (.179)
Planned pregnancy	No	44	99.41±21.02	-0.55 (.582)	47.36±7.25	0.45 (.653)	85.02±18.27	-1.35 (.179)
Participated in antepartum education	Yes	15	92.53±19.23	-1.01 (.315)	50.13±8.46	1.19 (.237)	81.60±14.02	-0.07 (.943)
Participated in antepartum education	No	110	98.66±22.40	-1.01 (.315)	47.49±8.03	1.19 (.237)	81.97±19.54	-0.07 (.943)
Infertility treatment experience	Yes	26	102.50±24.38	1.19 (.237)	49.08±6.94	0.90 (.372)	82.23±20.34	0.09 (.927)
Infertility treatment experience	No	99	96.73±21.39	1.19 (.237)	47.47±8.38	0.90 (.372)	81.85±18.63	0.09 (.927)
Regular antepartum management	Yes	70	97.46±19.11	-0.26 (.796)	48.23±9.48	0.69 (.492)	83.43±19.80	1.00 (.319)
Regular antepartum management	No	55	98.53±25.51	-0.26 (.796)	47.27±5.94	0.69 (.492)	80.02±17.72	1.00 (.319)

Had infertility treatment experience.

Table 5

Relationships among Stress, Coping Style and Nursing Needs (N=125)

Variables	Stress	Coping style	Nursing needs
Stress	1
Coping style	.10 (.265)
Nursing needs	.52 (<.001)	.34 (<.001)	1

Notes

This article is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Chonnam National University.

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

Women's level of stress precipitates preterm labor and precedes the admission to the hospital for preterm labor. Coping style can affect the level of stress, and level of stress is associated with nursing needs. But the relationships among these variables are inconsistent in previous studies.

▪ What this paper adds?

This study found that higher levels of stress and coping style were related to higher levels of nursing needs.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

The result of the study shows the importance of nursing intervention to help hospitalized pregnant women due to preterm labor to reduce the stress and strengthen the coping style. In order to satisfy the nursing needs for pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor, many efforts need to be made to manage their stress and strengthen their coping style.

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