Systematic Review of Quantitative Research related to Maternal Adaptation among Women Immigrants by Marriage in Korea

Ju-Eun Song; Eun Ha Roh; So Mi Park

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.1.55

Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.21(1) > 1089525

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Song, Roh, and Park: Systematic Review of Quantitative Research related to Maternal Adaptation among Women Immigrants by Marriage in Korea

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2015;21(1):55-70.

Published online: 17 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.1.55

Systematic Review of Quantitative Research related to Maternal Adaptation among Women Immigrants by Marriage in Korea

Ju-Eun Song¹, Eun Ha Roh^1,, So Mi Park²

¹College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwo, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea

Corresponding author: Roh, Eun Ha College of Nursing, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea. Tel: +82-31-219-7018, Fax: +82-31-219-7020, E-mail: ek320@naver.com

Received 27 January 201517 March 2015 Accepted 19 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to describe knowledge status of current research related to maternal adaptation of women immigrants by marriage in Korea.

Methods

Eighteen quantitative current researches published from January, 2006 to August, 2014 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These 18 articles finally selected for systemic review from 5,168 articles. All current researches included the mother within one year after childbirth and one variable related to maternal adaptation at least.

Results

Variables related to psychological adaptation (48.1%) were mostly studied. In detail, parenting stress (17.3%) and parenting competency (15.4%) were frequently surveyed. Also, social support (7.7%), husband rearing support (5.8%) of relational adaptation, and acculturation (3.8%) of cultural adaptation were importantly studied. In addition, frequently used instruments for each study variable were analyzed and evaluated. As major results, parenting stress and parenting efficacy were significantly influenced by social support or husband rearing support and acculturation, and had an effect on parenting behaviors. Various maternal education programs were effective in improving maternal role confidence or parenting efficacy and decreasing parenting stress.

Conclusion

Nursing intervention programs for improving maternal adaptation should focus on decreasing parenting stress and increasing parenting efficacy by improving social support and acculturation level of women immigrants by marriage in Korea.

Keywords: Immigrants, Adaptation, Mothers, Review

REFERENCES

1. Ministry of Education-Republic of Korea. Multicultural population statistics [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Education-Republic of Korea;2014. [cited 2014 October 15]. Available from:. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_ko/5/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=332229.

2. Song JE, Park BL. The changing pattern of physical and psychological health, and maternal adjustment between primiparas who used and those who did not use sanhujori facilities. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2010; 40(4):503–514.

3. Mercer RT. Becoming a mother versus maternal role attainment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2004; 36(3):226–232.

4. Chio NY, Woo HK, Jung HS, Park HJ, Yi SH. Mothers’ parenting stress in multicultural families. Journal of Korean Home Management Association. 2009; 27(2):255–268.

5. Ministry of Health & Welfare. Reproductive survey among multicultural families. [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare;2009. [cited 2009 February 17]. Available from:. http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&BOARD_ID=140&BOARD_FLAG=00&CONT_SEQ=205141&page=1.

6. Gyeonggido Family & Women's Research Institute. Multicultural family infant-toddler support 2011 [Internet]. Gyeonggi: Gyeonggido Family & Women's Research Institute;2012. [cited 2014 October 15]. Available from:. http://www.gfwri.kr/2013_homepage/information/data.php.

7. Ahn OH, Jeon MS, Hwang YY, Kim KA, Youn MS. An analysis of articles for international marriage immigrant women related to health. Journal of Agricultural Medicine and Community Health. 2010; 35(2):134–150.

8. Kim YS, Park JY. Experience of acculturation among female marriage immigrants. Korean Journal of Family Social Work. 2010; 30:269–297.

9. Lee SH, Lee YJ, Kim SY, Kim SJ. Social support and acculturative stress in migrant workers. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2009; 39(6):899–910.

10. Hyun KJ, Kim YS. The impact of acculturative stress and perceived social support on depression among female marriage immigrants: Direct and moderation effects of social support. Korean Psychological Association. 2012; 17(4):653–677.

11. Kim CM, Park MS, Kim EM. Married immigrant women's utilization of health care and needs of health services. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2011; 22(3):333–341.

12. Ahn YH. Health status and health behavior of immigrant women married to Koreans. Journal of Korean Academy of Public Health Nursing. 2008; 22(1):18–26.

13. Yang SJ. Health behaviors and related factors among Asian immigrant women in Korea by ethnicity. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2011; 22(1):66–74.

14. Song JE, Ahn JA. Effect of intervention programs for improving maternal adaptation in Korea: Systematic review. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2013; 19(3):129–141.

15. Nyströom K, Ohrling K. Parenthood experiences during the child's first year: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2004; 46(3):319–330.

16. Article 2 (Definitions) Act 3. Act on the Treatment of Foreigners in Korea [Internet]. Gyeonggi: Ministry of Justice;2009. [cited 2014 October 15]. Available from:. http://www.moj.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_03/ShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0702&strWrtNo=549&strAnsNo=A&strFilePath=moj/&strRtnURL=MOJ_40401010&strOrgGbnCd=100000.

17. Pearson A, Field J, Jordan Z. Evidence-based clinical practice in nursing and health care: Assimilating research, experience and expertise. Oxford: Blackwell;2007. p. 80.

18. Oh KS, Chung HJ. Relationship of marital conflict with acculturation stress among married immigrant women in Korea. Journal of Korean Association of Family Relations. 2012; 17(3):153–171.

19. Song JE, Kim T, Ahn JA. A systematic review of psychological interventions for women with postpartum stress. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. Forthcoming 2015 March/April.

20. Kim EH, Lee E, Kim MJ, Park DY, Lee SH. Effects of an educational program of pregnancy and delivery on pregnancy related knowledge, newborn care knowledge, and postpartum care self-efficacy of marriage immigrant women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2010; 40(1):78–87.

21. DeVellis RF. Scale development theory and applications. New York, NY: Saga Publications;2012. p. 109.

22. Nho MH. A study on child rearing in marriage immigrant families [master's thesis]. Daegu: Keimyung University;2009.

23. Lee YA. A study on the difficulties and expectations in married life and child-rearing experiences of married immigrant women. Journal of Korean Association for Lerner-centered Curriculum and Instruction. 2012; 16(5):435–457.

24. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research(COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus group. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2007; 19(6):349–357.

25. Lee EJ, Song JE, Kim M, Kim S, Jun EM, Ahn S, et al. Analysis on reports of qualitative researches published in Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2012; 18(4):321–332.

Figure 1.

Flow chart of study selection.

Table 1.

Quality Assessment of the Selected Studies (N=18)

Type of studies	Author [ref No.^†]	Item nummber of critical appraaisal form											Total
Type of studies	Author [ref No.^†]	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	Total
Observational	Choi et al. [A1]	0	1	1	1	1							4
Studies	Kim et al. [A2]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Bae et al. [A3]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Chung [A4]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Kim et al. [A5]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Kim [A6]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Seo et al. [A7]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Han [A8]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Kim & Lee [A9]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Kim [A10]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Jeong & Choe [A11]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Kim [A12]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Park & Moon [A13]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Lee [A14]	0	1	1	1	1							4
	Koo & Kim [A15]	0	1	1	1	1							4
Experimental	Lee [A16]	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	6
Studies	Suh [A17]	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	6
	Bang et al. [A18]	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	6

^† Reference list is presented in the appendix 1

Table 2.

General Characteristics (N=18)

Variables	Categories	n (%)
Publication year	2007	1 (5.6)
	2008	3 (16.7)
	2009	3 (16.7)
	2010	4 (22.2)
	2011	4 (22.2)
	2012	2 (11.1)
	2014	1 (5.6)
The source of article	Journal article	10 (55.6)
	A master's thesis	5 (27.8)
	A doctoral dissertation	3 (16.7)
Major of author	Nursing	9 (50.0)
	Social welfare	7 (38.9)
	Home management	1 (5.6)
	Christian social welfare	1 (5.6)
Research design	Descriptive study	1 (5.6)
	Correlational study	3 (16.7)
	Predictive study	11 (61.1)
	Experimental study	3 (16.7)
Theoretical framework	Berry (2002) Cultural adaptation model	2 (11.1)
	Mercer (1986) Maternal role aquisition model	1 (5.6)
	Not use	15 (83.3)
Mother's nationality	One nation	4 (22.2)
	Multiple nation	14 (77.8)
Data collection setting (n=22)^†	Community centers	14 (70.0)
	Home	5 (25.0)
	Hospital	1 (5.0)

^† Including multiple sites for data collection in one study.

Table 3.

Major Variables and Measurement Tools (N=52)

Domain	Variables	n (%)	Instrument (Original developer, Year)	n (%)	Cronbach's ⍺
Psychological	Parenting stress	9 (17.3)	Parenting Stress Index [PSI] (Abidin, 1990)	5 (9.6)	.71~.90
adaptation			Parenting Stress Inventory (Kim & Kang, 1997)	3 (5.8)	.78~.84
			Parenting Daily Hassles [PDH] (Crinic & Grennberg, 1990)	1 (1.9)	.97
	Parenting competency	8 (15.4)	Parenting Sense Of Competency [PSOC]	6 (11.5)	.83~.93
			(Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978)
			Perceived Parenting Competence	1 (1.9)	.83
			(Floyd, Gilliom & Costigan, 1998)
			Parenting Efficacy Scale (Lee, 2004)	1 (1.9)	.92
	Postpartum depression	3 (5.8)	Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale [EPDS]	3 (5.8)	.65~.84
			(Cox et al., 1987)
	Maternal role confidence	2 (3.8)	Maternal Role Confidence Scale (Pharis, 1978)	2 (3.8)	.85~.92
	Maternal identity	1 (1.9)	Semantic Differential Scale for Myself as Mother	1 (1.9)	.81~.82
			(Osgood, 1957)
	Maternal self-esteem	1 (1.9)	Maternal Self Report Inventory (Shea & Tronick, 1984)	1 (1.9)	.77
	Perceived Life stress	1 (1.9)	Life Stress Inventory (Kim, 2003)	1 (1.9)	.91
	Sub-total	25 (48.1)		25 (48.1)
Relational	Social support	4 (7.7)	Social Support Inventory (Park, 1985)	3 (5.8)	.91~.94
adaptation			Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support	1 (1.9)	.91
			(Zimet et al., 1988)
	Husband rearing support	3 (5.8)	Parenting Alliance Inventory [PAI] (Abidin, 1988)	3 (5.8)	.85~.90
	Marital satisfaction	3 (5.8)	Kansas Marital Satisfaction [KMS] (Kansa, 2007)	2 (3.8)	.89~.94
			Marital Satisfaction Scale (Roach et al., 1981)	1 (1.9)	.91
	Family relationship	1 (1.9)	Family Relationship Satisfaction Scale (Lee, 2000)	1 (1.9)	.80~.86
	satisfaction
	Family support	1 (1.9)	Family Support Subscale (Park, 1985)	1 (1.9)	.90
	Hushand's rearing	1 (1.9)	Parenting Role Satisfaction (Hyun, 1994)	1 (1.9)	.87
	participant
	Mother-child attachment	1 (1.9)	Mother-child Attachment Scale (Hwang, 2005)	1 (1.9)	.94
	Sub-total	14 (26.9)		14 (26.9)
Behavioral	Stress coping style	2 (3.8)	The Ways of Coping Checklist (Folkman & Lazarus, 1984)	2 (3.8)	.80~.92
adaptation	Health management	2 (3.8)	Scale for Infant-toddler Health Promotion Behavior	2 (3.8)	.92~.95
	behavior for		(Kim et al., 2007)
	Infant-toddler
	Parenting behavior	1 (1.9)	Parenting Behavior Inventory (Bae et al., 2010)	1 (1.9)	.86
	Breast feeding	1 (1.9)	Empowerment of Breast Feeding (Kim & Park, 2004)	1 (1.9)	.90
	Development of infant	1 (1.9)	Infant's weight, height, the girth of the head & chest	1 (1.9)	-
	Sub-total	7 (13.5)		7 (13.5)
Cognitive	Participation in breast	1 (1.9)	One item responded by yes or no	1 (1.9)	-
adaptation	feeding education.
	Sub-total	1 (1.9)		1 (1.9)
Cultural	Acculturation	2 (3.8)	Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale [SL-ASIA]	2 (3.8)	.81~.88
adaptation			(Suinn et al., 1992)
	Acculturation stress	1 (1.9)	Acculturative Stress Scales for International Students	1 (1.9)	.96
			(Sandhu & Asrabadi, 1994)
	Type of acculturation	1 (1.9)	The East Asian Acculturation Measure [EAAM]	1 (1.9)	.89
			(Berry, 2001)
	Korean language ability	1 (1.9)	Degree of Korean language ability	1 (1.9)	-
			(Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2005)
	Sub-total	5 (9.6)		5 (9.6)
	Total	52 (100)		52 (100.0)

Table 4.

Main Results of the Non-experimental Studies (N=18)

Study design	Author [Ref. No]	Theoretical framework	Nationality of population (n)		Data collection setting	Main results	Domains of Adaptation
Study design	Author [Ref. No]	Theoretical framework	Nationality of population (n)		Data collection setting	Main results	1	2	3 4	5
Descriptive study (n=1, 5.6%)	Choi et al. [A1]	None	-Vietnamese (68)	-Korean (67)	Community center	There was no significant difference in the postpartum depression level (t=-0.24, p=.814) and postpartum depression rate (x²=1.358, p=.507) between Korean mother and Vietnamese mother.	V
Correlational study(n=3, 16.7%)	Kim et al. [A2]	None	-Vietnamese (25) -Chinese (11)	-Filipino (12) -Thai (5)	Community center	There was a negative correlation between parenting stress and parenting efficiency (r=-.703, p< .001)	V
	Bae et al. [A3]	None	-Vietnamese (81) -Filipino (32)	-Chinese (28) -Others (45)	Community center	There was a positive correlation between child rearing practice and parenting efficacy (r=.157, p=.032)	V		V
	Chung [A4]	None	-Chinese (87) -Korean (91)	-Vietnamese (80)	Community center	There was a positive correlation between parenting competency and health management behavior for infant and toddler in Korean (r=.57, p< .001), Vietnamese (r=.40, p< .001), and Chinese mother (r=.42, p< .001).	V		V
Predictive study (n=11, 61.1%)	Kim et al. [A5]	None	-Filipino (83) -Chinese (42)	-Vietnamese (79) -Japanese (20)	Home	Parenting stress was affected by social support, in especially emotional support (β=-.409, p=.009), while it was not affected by husband support (β=-.102, p=.369).	V	V
	Kim [A6]	Berry (2002) Cultural adaptation model	-Filipino (83) -Chinese (42)	-Vietnamese (79) -Japanese (20)	Home	Parenting efficacy was affected by social support (β=.721, p < .001) and acculturation (β=.222,p< .001) Acculturation was affected by social support (β=.863, p< .001).	V	V		V
	Seo et al. [A7]	None	-Vietnamese (69)		Community center	Parenting stress was affected by passive stress coping pattern (β=.395, p< .01), marital satisfaction (β=-.257, p< .05) and age of last child (β=.249, p< .05).	V	V	V
	Han [A8]	None	-Vietnamese (70) -Japanese (15) -Chinese (3)	-Filipino (49) -Korean Chinese (12) -Others (21)	Community center	Parenting stress was affected by marital satisfaction (β=-.215, p< .05), family relational satisfaction (β=-.214, p< .05), and Korean language ability (β=-.169, p< .05)	V	V		V
	Kim & Lee [A9]	None	-Filipino (210) -Chinese (120)	-Vietnamese (130) -Japanese (50)	Home &, community center	Parenting stress was affected by social support (β=-.406, p< .001) and husband support (β=-.244, p< .01).	V	V
						Parenting efficacy was affected by parenting stress (β=-.405, p < .001) and husband support (β=.394, p< .001).
Predictive study (n=11, 61.1%) (Continued)	Kim [A10]	None	-Vietnamese (110) -Filipino (11) -Cambodian (8)	-Chinese (39) -Mongolian (11) -Others (14)	Community center	Parenting stress was affected by passive coping style (3=.274, p< .05) and mother's ethnic origin, in especially, Chinese mother (3=.279, p< .001), Philippine mother (3=.305, p< .001), and Mongol mother (β=.220, p< .001)	V		V	V
	Jeong & Choe [A11]	None	-Vietnamese (101)		Community center	Maternal child attachment was affected by maternal identity (3=.286, p< .05) and mother's educational level, in especially, middle or high school graduation (3=-.271, p< .05).	V	V
	Kim [A12]	None	-Asian including multi-nations (109)		Community center	Marital satisfaction was affected by not only emotional support (3=.353, p< .01), material support (3=.190, p< .05) of social support but also parent role stress (β=-.237, p< .01) and daily stress (β=-.211, p< .01) of parenting stress.	V	V
	Park & Moon [A13]	None	-Chinese, Vietnamese, & Phillino (86)		Community center	Depression was affected by parenting stress (3=0.461, p< .01) and family support (3=-0.269, p< .01). In addition, effects of parenting stress on depression were moderated by family support.	V	V
	Lee [A14]	Berry (2002) Cultural adaptation model	-Mongolian (37) -Japanese (24) -Filipino (17)	-Vietnamese (82) -Chinese (50)	Community center	Parental role efficiency was affected by cultural adaptation stress (3=-0.17, p< .05).	V			V
	Koo & Kim[A15]	None	-Vietnamese (125)		Community center	Duration of exclusive breast feeding practice was affected by breast feeding education (3=.493, p< .001) and family type, in especially, extended family (3=-.197, p=.011).		V	V V
Experimental study(n=3, 16.7%)	Lee [A16]	Mercer (1986) Maternal role acquisition model	Experimental (15) -Vietnamese (6) -Philipino (5) -Chinese (3) -Other (1)	Control (15) -Vietnamese (5) -Philipino (5) -Chinese (4) -Other (1)	Hospital, home	Maternal Education Program to improve the knowledge about newborn care improved maternal role confidence (Z=4.50, p=.001) and decreased parenting stress (Z=3.36, p=.001) in the experimental group than control group.	V		VV
	Seo [A17]	None	Experimental (18) -Vietnamese (12) -Chinese (5) -Filipino (1)	Control (22) -Vietnamese (13) -Chinese (7) -Filipino (2)	Hospital, community center	Infant-toddler Health Management Education Program enhanced the parent efficacy (t=2.398, p=.051) and infant-toddler health promotion behavior (t=3.815, p< .001)	V		VV
	Bang et al. [A18]	None	Experimental (20) -Vietnamese (11) -Chinese (7) -Filipino (2)	Control (19) -Vietnamese (11) -Chinese (7) -Filipino (1)	Home	Postpartum Nursing Intervention Program enhanced child rearing confidence (F=16.29, p< .001) at interaction effect of time and group (F=5.26, p=.007), six weeks and three months postpartum.	V	V	VV

1=Psychological adaptation, 2=Relational adaptation, 3=Behavioral adaptation, 4=Cognitive adaptation, 5=Cultural adaptation.

TOOLS

Similar articles