An Integrative Review of Depression Related to Intervention Studies for Women in Korea Journals

Eun Young Choi; Eun Hee Lee; Hye Jin Hyun; Mi Kyeong Byeon

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.4.284

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Choi, Lee, Hyun, and Byeon: An Integrative Review of Depression Related to Intervention Studies for Women in Korea Journals

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2015;21(4):284-296.

Published online: 17 December 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.4.284

An Integrative Review of Depression Related to Intervention Studies for Women in Korea Journals

Eun Young Choi¹, Eun Hee Lee^2,, Hye Jin Hyun³, Mi Kyeong Byeon⁴

¹Department of Nursing, kyungdong University, Wonju, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Gangeung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Korea

³Department of Nursing, ChuncheonCollegeof Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea

⁴Department of Nursing, Songho College, Hoengseong, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Eun Hee Department of Nursing, Gangeung-Wonju National University, 150 Namwon-ro, Heungup-myun, Wonju 220-711, Korea. Tel: +82-33-760-8645, Fax: +82-33-870-8004, E-mail: leeeh@gwnu.ac.kr

Received 1 June 20153 November 2015 Accepted 11 December 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to provide basic data onthe intervention for depression program development and application by analyzing the depression intervention studies for women that were published in Korea Journal (2000~2014).

Methods

Theresearchmethodused was the integrativereview. Ninestudies were reviewed fromthe NursingArticlesand National AssemblyLibraryof which 41studies werefrom126 researchpapers that met the inclusion criteria and analyzed using MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) and according to general characteristics.

Results

There were non-equivalent control group pre-post test design(78%)inresearch design. 44% of articles in sample sizewere 14~26participants andmeasuringtools were used CES-D (29%), BDI (I &II, 22%), GDSSF-K (22%). In qualityof research accordingtoMINORS, most of the papers got 2scores except for the items of sample size calculationstandard. Eventhough the similar intervention program were reported, the results could not compare because of diverse contents, duration, methods, and measuring tool with intervention program. Astheresults, aroma, massage, andcounselingprogramsseemedtohavesignificanteffectsof depression alleviation.

Conclusion

The standardtailored programand measuringtool for depressionalleviationof womenwas needed to develop.

Keywords: Depression, Intervention studies, Systematic review

REFERENCES

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Figure 1.

Flowchart of included studies through database search.

Table 1.

Analysis of Research Articles according to General Characteristics (N=41)

Variables		Categories			n (%)
Published year		2000~2004			9 (22.0)
		2005~2009			17 (41.5)
		2010~2014			15 (36.5)
Published journal		J Korean Acad Nurs			13 (31.7)
		J Koean Acad Psychiatr Mental Health Nurs			7 (17.0)
		Korean J Women Health Nurs			6 (14.6)
		J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs			6 (14.6)
		J Korean Fundam Nurs			4 (1.0)
		J Korean Biol Nurs Sci			3 (1.0)
		J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs			2 (1.0)
Characteristics of participants		Healthy person			21 (51.0)
		Patient			12 (29.0)
		Combined			8 (20.0)
Sample size	Double group	EG	CG	ES
		Under 13	14~26	.50	3 (9.0)
		14~26	14~26	.50~.35	15 (44.0)
		Over 27	14~26	.35	2 (6.0)
		14~26	Over 27	50~.35	2 (6.0)
	Single group	Under 17		.50	4 (57.0)
		Over 33		.35	3 (43.0)

EG=experimental Group; CG=control group; ES=effect size.

Table 2.

Type of Research Design, Tools and their Reliability (N=41)

Characteristics	Categories			n (%)
Research design	Non-equivalent control group pre-post test design			32 (78.0)
	Non-equivalent control group pre-post time series design			1 (2.4)
	One group pre-post test design			7 (17.1)
	One group repeated measured design			1 (2.4)
Tools and their		Over 0.7	Over 0.8
reliability	CES-D	2	10	12 (29.3)
	BDI-Ⅰ	1	5	6 (14.6)
	GDSSF-K	5	4	9 (22.0)
	SDS	2	3	5 (12.2)
	GDS-K	1	2	3 (7.3)
	BDI-II		3	3 (7.3)
	EPDS		2	2 (4.9)
	Bai (1997) 46 items 4-point scale		1	1 (2.4)

CESD=center epidenilolgic studies depression scale; BDI=beck depression inventory; GDSSF~K=geriatric depression scale short form Korea; SDS=self-rating depression scale; GDS~K=geriatric depression scale Korea; BDI~II=beck depression inventory-II; EPDS=edinburgh postnatal depression scale.

Table 3.

Assessment of the Risk of Bias according to MINORS (N=41)

Author (year)	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11	X12
Not reported	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	16 (39.0)	18 (44.0)	7 (20.6)	8 (23.5)	7 (20.6)	0 (0.0)
reported but inadequate	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	12 (29.3)	2 (4.9)	9 (22.0)	2 (4.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
reported and adequate	41 (100.0)	41 (100.0)	41 (100.0)	41 (100.0)	29 (70.7)	39 (95.1)	16 (39.0)	21 (51.2)	27 (79.4)	25 (73.5)	27 (79.4)	34 (100.0)
Choi (2001)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	0	2	2	2	2
Lee (2000)	2	2	2	2	1	1	0	0	-	_-	_-	2
Lee^a) (2002)	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	0	2	2	2	2
Lee^b) (2002)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	0	2	2	2	2
Lee et al. (2002)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	0	2	2	2	2
Kim (2003)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	0	-	-	-	2
Kim et al. (2003)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Yang et al. (2003)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	0	2	2	2	2
Ahn et al. (2004)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	2	2	2
Jeon et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	0	2	2	2	2
Joo et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	1	1	0	0	2	2	2	2
Kim (2005)	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	0	_-	_-	_-	2
Kim et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	0	2	2	2	2
Shin et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	0	2	0	2	2
Shin et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	0	2	1	2	2
Shin et al. (2005)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Lee (2006)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	2
Lee et al. (2006)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	-	-	-	2
Park et al. (2006)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Son et al. (2006)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	0	2	2	2	2
Yoo et al. (2006)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	0	2	0	2	2
Oh et al. (2007)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Park et al. (2007)	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Eom et al. (2008)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	-	-	-	2
Kim (2009)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2
Yoo et al. (2009)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Lee et al. (2010)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Song (2010)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	0	2	2	2	2
Cho et al. (2011)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Kim et al. (2011)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Lee et al. (2011)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Song et al (2011)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	2
Yoon et al. (2011)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2
Cha et al. (2012)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Choi et al. (2012)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2
Kim et al. (2012)	2	2	2	2	1	2	0	1	2	2	2	2
Lee et al. (2012)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	2	2	2	2
Baek et al. (2013)	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Choi et al. (2013)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Bang et al. (2014)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Kim et al. (2014)	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2

X1=Clear purpose statement, X2=Target selection criteria, X3=Prospective data collection, X4=Draw a conclusion that be right to research purpose, X5=Reasonable evaluation about result, X6=Appropriate followup period, X7=Less than 5% of the eliminated, X8=Sample size calculation standard, X9=Appropriate control group, X10=Simultaneous administration of the test and control groups, X11=Homogeneous test between groups, X12=Appropriate statistical analyzes.

Table 4.

Content Analysis of Intervention Studies (N=41)

Intervention	Researchers (year) s	Intervention				Sample size		Criteria (Y/N)	Effect (Y/N)
Intervention	Researchers (year) s	Time per 1 session (min)	Number of session	Period (Weeks)	Tool type	Exp. (n)	Cont. (n)	Criteria (Y/N)	Effect (Y/N)
Cognitive therapy	Lee et al. (2002)	90	16	8	CES-D	16	40	N	Y
	Yang et al. (2003)	120	8	8	GDSS-K	16	20	Y	Y
	Joo et al. (2005)	150	8	8	BDI-II	10	15	N	Y
	Yoo et al. (2006)	120	10	10	BDI-II	10	17	N	Y
	Yoo et al. (2009)	120	6	6	CES-D	35	36	N	Y
	Yoon et al. (2011)	90	10	10	CES-D	31	33	Y	Y
	Choi et al. (2013)	60	10	5	GDSS-K	30	33	N	Y
Aroma (massage/inhalation)	Lee (2002)	20	12	6	SDS	31	31	N	Y
	Lee (2002)	20~120	20	2	SDS	27	29	N	Y
	Lee et al. (2006)	480	4	4	CES-D	42		N	Y
	Kim (2009)	10	10	2	GDS-K	35	37	N	Y
	Lee et al. (2011)	5	6	6 day	SDS	33	34	N	N
Exercise Aquatic	Song et al (2011)	60	36	12	GDSS-K	59		N	Y
Dance	Jeon et al. (2005)	60	36	12	GDS-K	130	123	N	Y
	Kim et al. (2012)	60	48	24	SDS	20	18	N	Y
Walking	Son et al. (2006)	35~50	24	8	GDSS-K	26	30	N	Y
Recreation,	Choi et al. (2012)	50	24	12	GDSS-K	27	26	N	N
Gymnastics
Tai~chi	Lee et al. (2010)	90	24	12	CES-D	21	21	N	N
Education	Ahn et al. (2004)	30	2	1	EPDS	12	14	N	Y
	Shin et al. (2005)	60	5	5	CES-D	26	23	N	Y
	Lee et al. (2012)	60	8	8	GDSS-K	24	25	Y	Y
	Baek et al. (2013)	-	6	2	BDI	19	18	N	Y
Counseling	Kim (2003)	120	8	8	BDI	10		N	Y
	Kim (2005)	120	8	8	BDI	12		Y	Y
Foot massage	Kim et al. (2005)	33~35	1	1	SDS	20	20	N	Y
	Kim et al. (2011)	30	8	2	GDS-K	23	22	N	Y
	Kim et al. (2014)	40	8	4	GDSS-K	22	25	N	N
Image therapy	Lee (2000)	-	9	6	BDI-Ⅰ	10		N	N
Laughter	Cho et al. (2011)	60	8	4	BDI-II	16	21	N	Y
	Cha et al. (2012)	30	10	2	CESD	28	29	N	Y
Massage (1) & education (2)	Kim et al. (2003)	150	12	6	BDI	31	30	Y	Y
	Lee (2006)	(1) 30~40 (2) 50	(1) 42 (2)6	(1) 6 (2) 2	CES-D	46		N	Y
	Eom et al. (2008)	(1) 40 (2) 50	(1) 24 (2) 4	(1) 4 (2) 2	GDSS-K	47		N	Y
Exercise (1) & education (2)	Choi (2001)	(1) 30~40 (2) 20~30	(1) 50 (2) 2	8	BDI-Ⅰ	23	21	N	N
	Shin et al. (2005)	40	6	6	CES-D	22	22	N	Y
	Shin et al. (2005)	(1) 30~50	(1) 16	(1) 8	CES-D	26	22	N	Y
		(2) 15	(2) 4	(2) 4
	Song (2010)	60	24	12	GDSS-K	28	24	N	Y
Exercise (1) & counseling (2)	Park et al. (2007)	(1) 60 (2) 10~20	(1) 60 (2) 12	12	CES-D	29	30	N	Y
Exercise (1) & education (2) & counseling (3)	Oh et al. (2007) Park et al. (2006)	(1) 90 -	24 (1) 72~10	8 12	Bai 46 CES-D	27 21	25 21	N N	N N
		(2) 20~40	(2) 20 (3) 8~16		items
Education & counseling	Bang et al. (2014)	-	3	12	EPDS	20	19	N	N

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