Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Maternal Identity according to Type of Stress Coping Strategies on Immigration Pregnancy Women

Hyeun Na; So-Hyun Moon

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.3.232

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Na and Moon: Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Maternal Identity according to Type of Stress Coping Strategies on Immigration Pregnancy Women

Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2015; 21(3): 232-240.

Published online: 25 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.3.232

Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Maternal Identity according to Type of Stress Coping Strategies on Immigration Pregnancy Women

Hyeun Na¹, So-Hyun Moon²

¹Mokpo miz-i Hospital, Mokpo, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Na, Hyeun. Mokpo miz-i Hospital, 418 Baengnyeon-daero, Mokpo 530-831, Korea. Tel: +82-61-260-8400, Fax: +82-61-260-8800, rosa-n00@hanmail.net

Received 21 July 2015 Revised 24 August 2015 Accepted 10 September 2015

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this descriptive survey study was designed to identify the stress coping types of married immigrant pregnant women and find out the differences in maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity based on each types.

Methods

151 married immigrant women who visited 3 women's hospitals located in J-do for pre-pregnancy checkup were selected as study objects. Data were analyzed by dsecriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t- test, ANOVA, and Scheffé multiple comparison test.

Results

Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct stress coping styles; low stress-coping involvement social support-oriented type, high stress-coping involvement hopeful thinking type, low stress-coping involvement type, effective stress coping types. Women frequently using effective stress coping type among the four types reported higher maternal-fetal attachment. The group of active coping styles got significantly higher score on maternal identity.

Conclusion

Proper stress coping of married immigrant pregnant women regarding pregnancies proved to result in high levels of maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity. Studies measuring the stress coping styles that affect pregnancies should be continuously conducted.

Keywords: Emigration and immigration, Pregnancy, Stress, Maternal-fetal relations, Identity

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=151)

Characteristic	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
Age (yr)		26.0±3.97
	≤25	73 (48.3)
	26~30	60 (39.8)
	≥31	18 (11.9)
Nationality	Vietnam	109 (72.2)
	China	26 (17.2)
	Others	16 (10.6)
Education	Elementary school	39 (25.8)
	Middle school	63 (41.7)
	High school	49 (32.4)
Religion	Yes	55 (36.4)
Religion	No	96 (63.6)
Husband age (yr)		42.8±5.45
	≤40	50 (33.8)
	41~50	89 (58.3)
	≥51	12 (7.9)
Income monthly (10,000 won)	<100	14 (9.3)
	100~<150	22 (14.6)
	150~<200	42 (27.8)
	≥200	32 (21.2)
	No idea	41 (27.2)

Table 2

Levels of Stress Coping Strategies, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Maternal Identity (N=151)

Variables	Categories	M±SD	Range
Stress coping strategies		1.32±0.43	0~2.35
Active coping strategies	Problem-focused coping	1.41±0.47	0~3.00
Active coping strategies	Social support coping	1.37±0.61	0~2.28
Passive coping strategies	Emotion-focused coping	1.22±0.42	0~2.28
Passive coping strategies	Involvement hopeful coping	1.37±0.58	0~2.69
Maternal-fetal attachment		2.36±0.58	1.17~4.00
Maternal identity		3.97±0.46	1.76~5.24

Table 3

Means and Standard Deviation of Four Stress Coping Strategies (N=151)

Variables	n (%)	Problem-focused coping	Social support coping	Emotion-focused coping	Involvement hopeful coping
Variables	n (%)	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD
Cluster I	65 (42.7)	1.36±0.27	1.49±0.45	1.11±0.22	1.24±0.33
Cluster II	34 (22.4)	1.79±0.23	1.47±0.36	1.55±0.22	1.92±0.28
Cluster III	38 (25.0)	0.90±0.33	0.70±0.35	0.85±0.34	0.79±0.35
Cluster IV	14 (9.9)	2.15±0.33	2.38±0.31	1.91±0.27	2.23±0.42

Cluster I=Low Stress-coping involvement social support-oriented type; Cluster II=High stress-coping involvement hopeful thinking type; Cluster III=Low stress-coping involvement type; Cluster IV=Effective stress coping type.

Table 4

Means Difference in Maternal-fetal Attachment and Maternal Identity according to Stress Coping Strategies (N=151)

Variables	Cluster I^a	Cluster II^b	Cluster III^c	Cluster IV^d	F (p)	Multiple comparisoń
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	F (p)	Multiple comparisoń
Maternal-fetal attachment	2.25±0.55	2.44±0.65	2.29±0.51	2.82±0.46	4.42 (.005)	a<d, c<d
Maternal identity	5.10±0.69	5.09±0.74	4.72±0.69	5.12±0.72	1.33 (.045)	a>c

Notes

This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis form mokpo National University.

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

Higher levels of stress of pregnant women were related to less optimal maternal-fetal quality of attachment, more negative attitudes towards motherhood and the self as mother.

▪ What this paper adds?

This review aims to consider evidence for the impact of stress coping styles on the fetal attachment to the mother, and the maternal identity of married immigrant pregnant women.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

There were a significantly the differences in maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity based on stress coping types. The findings suggest the necessity of controlling the unfavorable stress coping types in preparing the stress-managing nursing intervention plan for married immigrant pregnant women.

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