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Sim: Expectations of Middle aged Women for a life of Happiness to the Spouse
Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2015; 21(2): 139-149.

Published online: 27 June 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.2.139

Expectations of Middle aged Women for a life of Happiness to the Spouse

In Ok Sim

Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Sim, In Ok. Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea. Tel: +82-2-820-5988, Fax: +82-2-824-7961, hiraly@cau.ac.kr

Received 28 February 2015       Revised 11 May 2015       Accepted 13 June 2015

© 2015 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was to define and analyze the expectations of middle-aged woman to their spouse.

Methods

A sample of 39 middle-aged women was recruited from the workplace, religious organization and acquaintances. The survey was conducted with participants using self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Q methodology.

Results

There were four different types of expectations of middle-aged women. First type was "Collaborative and self-development type," meaning that women developed self and were collaborated with their family or spouses. The second type was "Maintain their own life" meaning that women recognized and maintained their expertise without interference from their spouses. The third one was "Respect for the inner value" meaning that women gave continued respect and understanding their inner value. The last one was "Realistic acceptance" meaning that women kept the current situation without implementing new self-development type.

Conclusion

There is a subjective structure within the types of expectations of middle-aged women for a life of happiness to the spouse.

Keywords: Middle aged women, Spouse, Happiness, Expectation

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Q-sorting distribution.

kjwhn-21-139-g001
Table 1

General Features and Weight of Factors of the Target People by the Different Types (N=39)

kjwhn-21-139-i001
Variables Subject No. Age Job Education level Religion Economic state Factor weight
Type 1: Continuous self-development (n=8) 3 58 Housewife College Yes Good 0.5813
6 58 Housewife University Yes Fair 0.4868
8 56 Housewife College Yes Good 0.4632
20 54 Housewife University Yes Good 1.2018
22 56 Professor MD Yes Fair 0.4510
30 55 Officials University Yes Good 0.7404
37 59 Business MD Yes Fair 0.7148
38 47 Art Therapist College Yes Good 0.7500
Type 2: Respect to independent living (n=18) 1 61 Professor PhD Yes Good 0.6057
11 46 Officials College Yes Good 0.3838
12 57 Business MD Yes Good 0.5084
13 64 Professor PhD Yes Good 1.0122
15 60 Housewife MD Yes Good 0.6674
16 55 Business MD Yes Good 0.9503
17 55 Business MD Yes Fair 0.6734
21 58 Professor MD Yes Good 0.6774
24 54 Professor PhD No Good 1.2372
25 64 Housewife High school Yes Fair 0.6265
26 60 Housewife High school Yes Fair 0.5730
27 64 Business University No Good 0.3179
28 57 Teacher University Yes Good 0.0525
29 53 Business High school Yes Fair 0.3742
31 45 Housewife College No Good 0.6580
33 50 Professor PhD No Good 1.1528
34 61 Dietitian University No Good 0.3293
36 63 Business High school Yes Good 0.8335
Type 3: Recognize the value of personal (n=8) 5 54 Housewife University Yes Good 0.8157
7 60 Housewife University No Poor 0.4259
9 56 Nurse University No Fair 1.6032
14 45 lecturer MD Yes Fair 0.9839
19 55 Pastor University Yes Fair 0.8960
23 64 Business MD No Good 0.5520
32 64 Housewife University Yes Fair 0.7989
39 58 Business MD Yes Good 0.7807
Type 4: Realistic adaptation (n=5) 2 55 Housewife College No Fair 0.5155
4 58 Sales manager University Yes Poor 0.3755
10 50 Professor PhD Yes Good 0.8322
18 57 Pharmacists University Yes Good 0.4538
35 61 Housewife High school Yes Good 0.1855

MD=master degree.

Table 2

Descending array of Z-Scores for Factor 1

kjwhn-21-139-i002
Item No. Statement Z-score
23 To maintain health and self-administration without dependence. 1.70
36 Tell me what he think and decide 1.47
18 Talk to each other about the life and work together that goes lacking. 1.45
27 To develop the individual's ability to be an independent work and activities. 1.37
37 Try to acknowledge with the hobbies of each other. 1.28
29 Keep a couple of frames to get attention so that the other party alone. 1.19
2 To accept old age and act appropriate for the age -1.20
19 Do act with rational judgment without follow someone else's opinion -1.23
16 Take care of themselves and manage to live health because there is no line capacity and willingness. -1.25
32 Take over to his wife to the economic decisions and the real power -1.48
3 Have a realistic attitude and acts like one. -1.59
1 In the rest of your life it does not make a new business or job. -1.88
Table 3

Descending array of Z-Scores for Factor 2

kjwhn-21-139-i003
Item No. Description Z-score
23 To maintain health and self-administration without dependence. 1.95
12 Have an open mind and be respective to others. 1.70
35 Cherish other people by understanding thoughts and respective language use. 1.70
14 Find his way to live by himself and have a separate life. 1.26
27 To develop the individual's ability to be an independent work and activities. 1.14
7 Decide by himself and not to be unpredictable. -1.05
9 Make more sociable and active person with many friends. -1.16
29 Keep a couple of frames to get attention so that the other party alone. -1.21
33 Bring changes in his fixed action and thinking to pace with me. -1.26
32 Take over to his wife to the economic decisions and the real power -1.85
Table 4

Descending array of Z-Scores for Factor 3

kjwhn-21-139-i004
Item No. Description Z-score
35 Cherish other people by understanding thoughts and respective language use. 2.00
23 To maintain health and self-administration without dependence. 1.81
31 Rather than complaining and lecturing, admit me as I am. 1.48
12 Have an open mind and be respective to others. 1.44
5 Always give my side, do not be alone. 1.33
33 Bring changes in his fixed action and thinking to pace with me. 1.27
9 Make more sociable and active person with many friends. -1.06
1 In the rest of your life it does not make a new business or job. -1.08
15 Admit current situation as it is and live within the range. -1.17
27 To develop the individual's ability to be an independent work and activities. -1.44
26 Communicate with me when aging occurs any problem in sexual life. -1.48
14 Find his way to live by himself and have a separate life. -1.63
Table 5

Descending array of Z-Scores for Factor 4

kjwhn-21-139-i005
Item No. Description Z-score
16 To stay healthy since I am not confident with looking after him well. 1.39
15 Admit current situation as it is and live within the range. 1.38
35 Cherish other people by understanding thoughts and respective language use. 1.30
30 Due to physical aging, to understand the psychological changes and help hard work on behalf of the difficulty. 1.23
2 To accept old age and act appropriate for the age 1.10
8 Have right hobbies to keep his life interesting. -1.01
9 Make more sociable and active person with many friends. -1.45
34 Be free from conservative way of thinking and behaving. -1.55
27 To develop the individual's ability to be an independent work and activities. -2.06
32 Take over to his wife to the economic decisions and the real power -2.76

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?
The pursuit of happiness or factor of middle-aged women was presented.
▪ What this paper adds?
There is a subjective structure within the types of expectations of middle-aged women for a life of happiness to the spouse.
▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy
Repetitive study is required with nationwide sample in order to understand the type of expectations in general.

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