Factors of Prenatal Depression by Stress-vulnerability and Stress-coping Models

Younglan Kim; Chae Weon Chung

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.1.38

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Kim and Chung: Factors of Prenatal Depression by Stress-vulnerability and Stress-coping Models

Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2014; 20(1): 38-47.

Published online: 31 March 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.1.38

Factors of Prenatal Depression by Stress-vulnerability and Stress-coping Models

Younglan Kim¹, Chae Weon Chung²

¹Graduate School, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing · The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chung, Chae Weon. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8482, Fax: +82-2-765-4103, chungcw@snu.ac.kr

Received 3 February 2014 Revised 12 March 2014 Accepted 16 March 2014

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to identify related factors of prenatal depression by stress-vulnerability and stress-coping models for pregnant women.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sampling was used. A total of 107 pregnant women who visited a general hospital in a metropolitan city were recruited from August to October, 2013. A structured questionnaire included the Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory II, and the instruments measuring Self-Esteem, Marital Satisfaction, Pregnancy Stress, Stressful Life Events, and Coping. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Parson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

The mean score of prenatal depression was 11.95±6.2, then showing 19.6% with mild depression, 15.0% with moderate depression, and 0.9% with severe depression on BDI II scale. Prenatal depression had positive correlation with pregnancy stress (r=.55, p<.01), stressful life events (r=.26, p<.01) and negative correlation with self-esteem (r=-.38, p<.01), marital satisfaction (r=-.40, p<.01), and coping (r=-.21, p<.05). Factors of pregnancy stress, self-esteem, stressful life events, and planned pregnancy explained 38% of the total variance of prenatal depression.

Conclusion

These findings show that health providers need to assess prenatal depression and to control the influencing factors.

Keywords: Depression, Pregnant women, Prenatal care

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Research framework of this study based on the stress-vulnerability and stress-coping models.

Table 1

Socio-demographic Characteristics, Obstetrical Characteristics, and Prenatal Depression (N=107)

Table 2

Differences in Major Variables between Depressed and Non-depressed Groups (N=107)

Table 3

Relationships among the Major Variables (N=107)

Table 4

Factors of Prenatal Depression (N=107)

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

Depression is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. Several professional organizations now recommend routine screening for prenatal depression.

▪ What this paper adds?

The rate of prenatal depression was 35.5% in this study. Influencing factors of prenatal depression were pregnancy stress, self-esteem, stressful life events, and planned pregnancy.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

Health providers and professional organizations have to recommend routine screening for prenatal depression.

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