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Chae, Kim, and Lim: Relationship between Physical activity and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Korean Elderly: Review of Experimental Studies
Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2014; 20(4): 309-317.

Published online: 31 December 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.4.309

Relationship between Physical activity and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Korean Elderly: Review of Experimental Studies

Young Ran Chae1, Jeung-Im Kim2, Kyung Choon Lim3

1Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.

2School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.

3College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Lim, Kyung Choon. School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, 147 Mia-Dong, Gangbuk-Gu, Seoul 142-100, Korea. Tel: +82-2-920-7729, Fax: +82-2-920-2092, kclim@sungshin.ac.kr

Received 12 September 2014       Revised 26 November 2014       Accepted 15 December 2014

© 2014 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes in the Korean elderly.

Methods

Experimental studies were located using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed. The selected studies for analysis were 20 articles of cardiovascular outcomes (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), blood pressure, and pulse rate) from 515 articles.

Results

One-group pretest-posttest design was the most common. The main physical activity was an aerobic exercise. Five of 14 studies reported a significant improvement of total cholesterol. Four of 14 studies found relationship between exercise and triglyceride. Eight of 12 studies reported a significant improvement of HDL, whereas 3 of 9 studies reported a significant improvement of LDL. In over 60% of selected studies, reported significant improvement of blood pressure.

Conclusion

Based on the review, it suggests that regular physical activity of the elderly may improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords: Aged, Cardiology, Activity

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Flow diagram of included studies.
kjwhn-20-309-g001
Table 1
Types of Physical Activities in the Program (N=20)
kjwhn-20-309-i001

†Elastic band, dance, yoga, aquarobics, dance walking, treadmill+resistance exercise.

Table 2
Characteristics and Results of Selected Studies
kjwhn-20-309-i002

T=treatment group, C=control group, NA=not applicable, RPE=rated perceived exertion; TC=total cholesterol, TG=triglyceride, HDL-C=high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C=low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, SBP=systolic blood pressure, DBP=diastolic blood pressure, HR=heart rate.

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?
Physical activity of the elderly maintains their health such as cardiovascular fitness and improves their quality of life.
▪ What this paper adds?
Physical activity may help to improve high density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood pressure, but it is unclear to improve total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein.
▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy
One-group pretest-posttest design was the most common. Therefore, randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate better the effects on cardiovascular outcomes. Physical activity of the elderly should be performed on the basis of the tailored instructions.

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