Literature Review for the Effects of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Kyung Choon Lim; Jeung-Im Kim; Young Ran Chae

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.4.297

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Lim, Kim, and Chae: Literature Review for the Effects of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2014; 20(4): 297-308.

Published online: 31 December 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.4.297

Literature Review for the Effects of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Kyung Choon Lim¹, Jeung-Im Kim², Young Ran Chae³

¹College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

²School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Chonan, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kim, Jeung-Im. School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Chonan 330-721, Korea. Tel: +82-41-570-2493, Fax: +82-41-570-2498, jeungim@sch.ac.kr

Received 13 September 2014 Revised 10 December 2014 Accepted 15 December 2014

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of physical activity on musculoskeletal outcomes in older Koreans.

Methods

Experimental studies were retrieved from the search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed). The selected studies for analysis were 27 articles of musculoskeletal outcomes (gait, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, grip strength, endurance, body fat, and weight) from 515 articles.

Results

The most common type of physical activity was a resistance exercise. There were significant improvements in gait (71.4%), muscle strength (86.7%), flexibility (63.6%), balance (72.2%), grip strength (71.4%), endurance (71.4%), body fat (57.1%), and weight (28.6%). The activity programs that apply over 150 minutes a week showed greater improvement of 69.5% than 65.0% from those did not meet the guidelines totally.

Conclusion

Based on the review, we conclude that regular physical activity in the elderly may improve the musculoskeletal outcomes. To be more effective programs, it is necessary to meet the guidelines of 150 minutes a week or 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activities on 5 days per week for the elderly.

Keywords: Aged, Musculoskeletal system, Activity

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Flow diagram of included studies.

Figure 2

World Health Organization [WHO], global recommendations on physical activity for health: recommended levels for adults aged 65 and above.

Table 1

Summary of the Selected Studies

E=experimental group; C=control group; P=play group; R=resistance group; NA=non applicable; M=male, F=female; RM=repetition maximum; S=increased or effective & statistically significant; NS=no statistically significant; ROM=range of motion; RPE=rating of perceived exertion; L/E=lower extremity; WHR=waist-hip ratio.

Table 2

Analysis for Comparing Two Groups by the Public Guidelines (N=27)

S=increased or effective & statistically significant, NS=no statistically significant. significant at one arm or leg was classified as non-significant and one case of no description on time and strength was classified into no meet guidelines;

^†Multiple counts were allowed.

Notes

This work was supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Grant.

Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

Older people in Korea are still inactive in their daily life. Individualized physical activity for the elderly can promote their health status.

▪ What this paper adds?

Regular physical activity may improve older adults' gait, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, grip strength, endurance, and body fat. To be more effective, it is necessary to meet the guidelines of 150 minutes a week or 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise on 5 days per week for the elderly.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

This study gives specific information to know the health benefits of physical activity regarding musculoskeletal outcomes. Physical activity for the elderly should be performed on the basis of tailored instructions. Well-designed research is more effective to show the effects of interventions.

References

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