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Han and Lee: Factors Influencing Self-Identity and Menopausal Symptoms on Level of Depression in Middle Aged Women
Original Article

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2013; 19(4): 275-284.

Published online: 31 December 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2013.19.4.275

Factors Influencing Self-Identity and Menopausal Symptoms on Level of Depression in Middle Aged Women

Mi-Jeong Han1, Ji-Hyun Lee2

1Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Lee, Ji-Hyun. College of Nursing, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-702, Korea. Tel: +82-51-990-6448, Fax: +82-51-990-3031, jihyunlee@kosin.ac.kr

Received 30 July 2013       Revised 11 November 2013       Accepted 20 November 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing self-identity and menopausal symptoms their influence on level of depression in middle-aged woman.

Methods

Participants were 135 middle-aged women who were living in city B, were 45-60 years old, informed of study purpose, and agreed to participate. Data were collected from December, 2012 to January, 2013 using scales measuring depression, self-identity, and menopausal symptoms. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Multiple Stepwise Regression.

Results

Level of depression was low, self-identity was slightly high, and menopausal symptoms were relatively low in these middle-aged women. There were significant differences in depression by perceived health status and perceived economic status. Depression had a moderate negative correlation with self-identity (r=-.49, p<.001) and a moderate positive correlation with menopausal symptoms (r=.57, p<.001). Menopausal psychological symptoms were the factor most affecting depression and explained 37% of the variance in depression. A total of 51% of variance in depression was explained by menopausal symptoms (psychological and physical), self-identity, and perceived economic status.

Conclusion

Thus, an effort to improve self-identity, especially a plan to attenuate menopausal psychological symptoms is needed to reduce depression.

Keywords: Middle-aged women, Depression, Gender identity, Menopause

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Depression according to General Characteristics of Middle-Aged Women (N=135)
kjwhn-19-275-i001
Table 2
Degree of Self Identity, Menopausal Symptoms and Depression of the Middle-aged Women (N=135)
kjwhn-19-275-i002
Table 3
Relationships among Depression, Self Identity, and Menopausal Symptoms of the Middle-aged Women (N=135)
kjwhn-19-275-i003
Table 4
Factors Influencing Self-Identity and Menopausal Symptoms on Level of Depression in Middle Aged Women (N=135)
kjwhn-19-275-i004

Notes

This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis from Kosin University.

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