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Kim, Lee, Lee, Jo, and Kim: Effect of feed restriction during gestation and lactation period on changes in organ weight in rat offspring
Original Article
Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2012; 55(11): 822-829.

Published online: 16 November 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5468/KJOG.2012.55.11.822

Effect of feed restriction during gestation and lactation period on changes in organ weight in rat offspring

Hye Won Kim, PhD1, 2, Sangmi Lee, MS1, 3, Sun Hwa Lee, MD, PhD4, Inho Jo, PhD2, 3, Young Ju Kim, MD, PhD1, 2, 3

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

2Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

4Neodin Medical Institute, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Young Ju Kim, MD, PhD. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2650-5029, Fax: +82-2-2647-9860, kkyj@ewha.ac.kr

Received 6 April 2012       Revised 16 May 2012       Accepted 29 May 2012

Copyright © 2012. Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objective

We examined the effect of maternal feed restriction during gestation and lactation period on changes in liver, spleen, lung and brain weight in 3 and 24-week-old rat offspring.

Methods

At day 10 of gestation, rats were divided into two groups and given an ad libitum (AdLib) diet or 50% food restricted (FR) diet until delivery. Offspring were divided into four groups: AdLib/AdLib, AdLib throughout experimental period; FR/AdLib, FR during pregnancy and AdLib after delivery; AdLib/FR, AdLib during pregnancy and FR after delivery; and FR/FR, FR throughout experimental period. Offspring were killed at 3 and 24 weeks of age.

Results

In the FR/AdLib group, all of the organ's weights were not differed among the four groups in the 3 and 24-week-old offspring. In the AdLib/FR group, liver (P<0.01) and spleen (P<0.001) weight were decreased in the 3-week-old offspring, but these weights were not differed in the 24-week-old offspring. In this group, male's lung weight was not differed but female's lung (P<0.05) weight was higher than in the control group, however, lung weight of 24-week-old male offspring was increased (P<0.01) whereas female was not differed. Brain weight of AdLib/FR group was higher in the 3 (P<0.001) and 24-week-old (P<0.001 in male, P<0.01 in female) offspring than in the control group.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that maternal feed restriction during critical period might impact on the normal growth and development of offspring organs and also, these effects may influence to prevalence of disease in offspring's lifelong period.

Keywords: Maternal food restriction, Pregnancy, Lactation, Offspring, Organ weight

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Study design. Nine-week-old male and female Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this study. After a 1-week acclimation period, rats were mated. At day 10 of gestation, rats were randomly divided into two groups and given an ad libitum (AdLib) standard laboratory chow or 50% food restricted diet determined by quantification of normal intake in ad libitum fed rats until delivery. Offspring were divided randomly into four groups: 1) AdLib/AdLib, given ad libitum diet throughout experimental period; 2) food restricted (FR)/AdLib, given 50% diet during pregnancy and ad libitum diet during lactation and adulthood; 3) AdLib/FR, given ad libitum diet during pregnancy and 50% FR diet during lactation and adulthood; and 4) FR/FR, given 50% FR diet throughout experimental period.
kjog-55-822-g001
Fig. 2
Body weight of male and female offspring in AdLib/AdLib, AdLib/FR, FR/AdLib, and FR/FR groups during experimental period. (A) Body weight in male offspring and (B) body weight in female offspring. AdLib/AdLib, given ad libitum diet throughout experimental period; FR/AdLib, given 50% food restricted (FR) diet during pregnancy and ad libitum diet during lactation and adulthood; AdLib/FR, given ad libitum diet during pregnancy and 50% FR diet during lactation and adulthood; FR/FR, given 50% FR diet throughout experimental period.
kjog-55-822-g002
Table 1
Body weights of mother rats in the AdLib/AdLib, FR/AdLib, AdLib/FR, and FR/FR groups
kjog-55-822-i001

Values are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean values.

AdLib/AdLib, given ad libitum diet throughout experimental period; FR/AdLib, given 50% food restricted diet during pregnancy and ad libitum diet during lactation and adulthood; AdLib/FR, given ad libitum diet during pregnancy and 50% food restricted diet during lactation and adulthood; FR/FR, given 50% food restricted diet throughout experimental period; NS, no significant.

Table 2
Relative organ weight of 3-week-old offspring in the AdLib/AdLib, FR/AdLib, AdLib/FR, and FR/FR groupsd
kjog-55-822-i002

Values are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean values.

AdLib/AdLib, given ad libitum diet throughout experimental period; FR/AdLib, given 50% food restricted diet during pregnancy and ad libitum diet during lactation and adulthood; AdLib/FR, given ad libitum diet during pregnancy and 50% food restricted diet during lactation and adulthood; FR/FR, given 50% food restricted diet throughout experimental period; NS, no significant.

a,b,cDifferent superscript letters indicate the comparison with significant differences; dRelative organ weight (g/100 g body weight).

Table 3
Relative organ weight of 24-week-old offspring in the AdLib/AdLib, FR/AdLib, AdLib/FR, and FR/FR groupsd
kjog-55-822-i003

Values are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean values.

AdLib/AdLib, given ad libitum diet throughout experimental period; FR/AdLib, given 50% food restricted diet during pregnancy and ad libitum diet during lactation and adulthood; AdLib/FR, given ad libitum diet during pregnancy and 50% food restricted diet during lactation and adulthood; FR/FR, given 50% food restricted diet throughout experimental period; NS, no significant.

a,b,cDifferent superscript letters indicate the comparison with significant differences; dRelative organ weight (g/100 g body weight).

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