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Hyun, Jung, Shim, Won, Lee, and Kim: Association of angiogenin and interleukin-6 levels in cervical discharge during early pregnancy, together with its outcome
Original Article
Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2011; 54(6): 286-293.

Published online: 30 June 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5468/KJOG.2011.54.6.286

Association of angiogenin and interleukin-6 levels in cervical discharge during early pregnancy, together with its outcome

Min-Kyung Hyun, MD, Bok-Kyung Jung, MS, Jae-Yoon Shim, MD, Hye-Sung Won, MD, Pil Ryang Lee, MD, Ahm Kim, MD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Pil Ryang Lee, MD. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3010-3638, Fax: +82-2-3010-6944, prlee@amc.seoul.kr

Received 20 April 2011       Accepted 12 May 2011

Copyright © 2011. Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the association between the cervical angiogenin and interleukin-6 levels and its outcome during early pregnancy.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-five pregnant women were included consecutively at the time of their first prenatal visit after less than 10 weeks of gestation. The gestational age was calculated according to their menstrual history and/or ultrasonography. We measured the cervical angiogenin and interleukin-6 levels using ELISA kits. We also measured the maternal serum progesterone concentrations using radioimmunoassay. Spontaneous abortion was defined as when a pregnancy ended spontaneously within 20 weeks of gestation. If an index pregnancy lasted longer than 20 weeks of gestation, it was regarded as showing a normal pregnancy outcome.

Results

Fifty-four pregnancies were excluded because of an incomplete study (n=36) or follow-up loss (n=18). Of the remaining 121 pregnancies, spontaneous abortion occurred in 10 pregnancies (8.3%) in which there were no significant gestational age-dependent changes in the maternal serum progesterone, cervical angiogenin, and interleukin-6 levels. The maternal serum progesterone, cervical angiogenin, and interleukin-6 levels were not significantly different between the spontaneous abortion group and the normal control group. However, the cervical angiogenin level was significantly decreased in the groups with discordant gestational age and spontaneous abortion compared to the group with concordant gestational age (median, 798.0 pg/mL vs. 723.4 pg/mL vs. 1039.8 pg/mL; inter-quartile range, 222.8-1054.7 pg/mL vs. 257.1-1213.3 pg/mL vs. 480.4-1534.4 pg/mL) (p<0.041).

Conclusion

First trimester cervical angiogenin measurement may be valuable for predicting the early pregnancy outcome.

Keywords: Angiogenesis, Interleukin-6, Cervical discharge, Early pregnancy, Pregnancy outcome

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Scattergram of maternal serum progesterone levels in normal (♦; n=111) and spontaneous abortion group (▪; n=10). Note the values of spontaneous abortion group are scattered evenly up and below the gestational age-related trend line for the values of normal group.
kjog-54-286-g001
Fig. 2
Scattergram of cervical angiogenin levels in normal (♦; n=111) and spontaneous abortion group (▪; n=10). Note the most values of spontaneous abortion group are scattered below the gestational age-related trend line for the values of normal group.
kjog-54-286-g002
Fig. 3
Scattergram of cervical interleukin-6 levels in normal (♦; n=111) and spontaneous abortion group (▪; n=10). Note the most values of spontaneous abortion group are scattered below the gestational age-related trend line for the values of normal group.
kjog-54-286-g003
Table 1
Patient characteristics
kjog-54-286-i001

Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or n (%).

GA, gestational age.

aBy Mann-Whitney U test.

bBy Fisher's exact test.

Table 2
Maternal serum progesterone and cervical angiogenin and interleukin-6 levelsa in normal and spontaneous abortion group
kjog-54-286-i002

aData are presented as median and inter-quartile range.

bStatistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 3
Clinical characteristics of control group stratified by discordancya in gestational age calculated by menstrual period versus ultrasonography
kjog-54-286-i003

GA, gestational age.

aDiscordancy is defined if the gestational age calculated by ultrasonography is 6 days or less than the gestational age by last menstrual period.

bData are presented as mean±standard deviation.

cBy Mann-Whitney U test.

dBy Fisher's exact test.

Table 4
Maternal serum progesterone and cervical angiogenin and interleukin-6 levelsa in the control group stratified by discordancyb in gestational age calculated by menstrual period versus ultrasonography
kjog-54-286-i004

aData are presented as median and inter-quartile range.

bDiscordancy is defined if the gestational age calculated by ultrasonography is 6 days or less than the gestational age by last menstrual period.

cStatistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 5
Maternal serum progesterone and cervical angiogenin and interleukin-6 levelsa in the concordant and discordant control groups stratified by discordancyb in gestational age calculated by menstrual period versus ultrasonography and spontaneous abortion group
kjog-54-286-i005

aData are presented as median and inter-quartile range.

bDiscordancy is defined if the gestational age calculated by ultrasonography is 6 days or less than the gestational age by last menstrual period.

cStatistical analysis was done by Kruskal-Wallis test.

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