Journal List > J Korean Soc Radiol > v.69(2) > 1087283

TOOLS
Seo, Weon, Hwang, Kang, Kwon, Shin, Nam, Yang, and Choi: Comparison of Shunt Patency and Clinical Outcomes between Bare Stents and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stents for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts
Interventional Radiology

Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2013; 69(2): 113-121.

Published online: 9 August 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2013.69.2.113

Comparison of Shunt Patency and Clinical Outcomes between Bare Stents and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stents for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts

Youngwoo Seo, MD1, Young Cheol Weon, MD1, Jae Cheol Hwang, MD1, Byeong Seong Kang, MD1, Woon Jung Kwon, MD1, Shang Hun Shin, MD1, Mi-Jeong Nam, RN2, Chi-Youn Yang, RN2, Seong Hoon Choi, MD1

1Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jae Cheol Hwang, MD. Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan 682-714, Korea. Tel. 82-52-250-8913, Fax. 82-52-252-5160, stent@paran.com

Received 25 March 2013       Accepted 14 June 2013

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society of Radiology

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare shunt patency and clinical outcomes between bare stents and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) covered stents in patients who had undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation.

Materials and Methods

43 consecutive patients with active gastroesophageal variceal bleeding who had undergone de novo TIPS creation were included in this study. For TIPS creation, bare stents were placed in twenty patients (Group 1) from January 2001 to December 2003, while ePTFE-covered stents were placed in twenty-three patients (Group 2) from January 2004 to December 2007. The primary and secondary patency rates of TIPS along with the clinical outcome were assessed, and a comparison was made between the two groups.

Results

The technical success rate was 100%. Cumulative primary shunt patency rate in Group 1 was 78.5%, 55.8%, and 45.8% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, and in Group 2, 91.1%, 86.0%, and 79.9%, respectively (p = 0.009). Cumulative secondary shunt patency rate in Group 1 was 86.3%, 70.7%, and 64.3%, respectively, and in Group 2, 91.1%, 91.1%, and 85.0%, respectively (p = 0.022).

Conclusion

The use of ePTFE-covered stents particularly designed to spare the juxtacaval segment of the hepatic vein resulted in an improved patency of shunts compared to using bare stents.

Keywords: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt, Varices, Stent, Covered, Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
The Niti-S® Covered Stent: the stent consists of a covered middle portion that is 3 to 4 centimeters long and bare segments on both ends each measuring 2 centimeters in length. The diameter of the stent is 10 mm. Gold markers indicated the transition between the covered and bare segments.
jksr-69-113-g001
Fig. 2
The schematic cross section of the Niti-S® Covered Stent: the outer polyurethane layer attaches the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft to the stent wires (0.007 in diameter).
jksr-69-113-g002
Fig. 3
TIPS procedure and stent placement. A 59-year-old man with hepatitis B cirrhosis and variceal bleeding.
A. The direct splenoportogram shows large gasric varices.
B. Tract dilatation was performed using an angioplasty balloon catheter (6 mm in diameter, 4 cm in length). The waists in the balloon indicate the location of the hepatic vein (solid arrow) and the portal vein (empty arrow), while the tract is located between the two.
C. The radiograph shows the covered stent that has been placed along the shunt. The transition between the covered and bare segments of the stent can be identified by the gold markers on both proximal and distal portions of the stent (solid arrows).
D. The splenoportogram acquired after stent placement shows that the hepatic end of the stent has been placed about 2 cm away from the hepatocaval junction (double arrow). Coil embolization of the varices was additionally performed after the TIPS procedure due to insufficient decompression of the varices (solid arrow).
Note.-TIPS = transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
jksr-69-113-g003
Fig. 4
Time-to-event analysis of TIPS primary patency: primary patency of the covered stent (91.1% at 6 m, 86.0% at 1 y, and 79.9% at 2 y) was superior to that of the bare stent (78.5% at 6 m, 55.8% at 1 y, and 45.8% at 2 y) at all time points (p = 0.009).
Note.-TIPS = transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
jksr-69-113-g004
Fig. 5
Time-to-event analysis of TIPS secondary patency: secondary patency of the covered stent (91.1% at 6 m, 91.1% at 1 y, and 85.0% at 2 y) was superior to that of the bare stent (83.6% at 6 m, 70.7% at 1 y, and 64.3% at 2 y) at all time points (p = 0.022).
Note.-TIPS = transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
jksr-69-113-g005
Table 1
Patient Demographics (n = 43)
jksr-69-113-i001

Note.-*p value between Covered stent vs. Bare stent.

HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCV = hepatitis C virus

Table 2
Outcome of TIPS Creation (n = 43)
jksr-69-113-i002

Note.-*p value between Covered stent vs. Bare stent.

PSG = portosystemic gradient, TIPS = transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

References

1. Rösch J, Hanafee WN, Snow H. Transjugular portal venography and radiologic portacaval shunt: an experimental study. Radiology. 1969; 92:1112–1114.
2. Colapinto RF, Stronell RD, Birch SJ, Langer B, Blendis LM, Greig PD, et al. Creation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with a Grüntzig balloon catheter. Can Med Assoc J. 1982; 126:267–268.
3. Pomier-Layrargues G, Bouchard L, Lafortune M, Bissonnette J, Guérette D, Perreault P. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension: current status. Int J Hepatol. 2012; 2012:167868.
4. Rössle M, Richter GM, Nöldge G, Palmaz JC, Wenz W, Gerok W. New non-operative treatment for variceal haemorrhage. Lancet. 1989; 2:153.
5. Rössle M, Siegerstetter V, Huber M, Ochs A. The first decade of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): state of the art. Liver. 1998; 18:73–89.
6. Saxon RS, Ross PL, Mendel-Hartvig J, Barton RE, Benner K, Flora K, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt patency and the importance of stenosis location in the development of recurrent symptoms. Radiology. 1998; 207:683–693.
7. Rösch J, Keller FS. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: present status, comparison with endoscopic therapy and shunt surgery, and future prospectives. World J Surg. 2001; 25:337–345. discussion 345-346.
8. Haskal ZJ. Improved patency of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in humans: creation and revision with PTFE stent-grafts. Radiology. 1999; 213:759–766.
9. Bureau C, Garcia-Pagan JC, Otal P, Pomier-Layrargues G, Chabbert V, Cortez C, et al. Improved clinical outcome using polytetrafluoroethylene-coated stents for TIPS: results of a randomized study. Gastroenterology. 2004; 126:469–475.
10. Hausegger KA, Karnel F, Georgieva B, Tauss J, Portugaller H, Deutschmann H, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation with the Viatorr expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-graft. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004; 15:239–248.
11. Gaba RC, Omene BO, Podczerwinski ES, Knuttinen MG, Cotler SJ, Kallwitz ER, et al. TIPS for treatment of variceal hemorrhage: clinical outcomes in 128 patients at a single institution over a 12-year period. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012; 23:227–235.
12. Cejna M, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Thurnher SA, Hittmair K, Schoder M, Lammer J. Creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with stent-grafts: initial experiences with a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered nitinol endoprosthesis. Radiology. 2001; 221:437–446.
13. Clark TW, Agarwal R, Haskal ZJ, Stavropoulos SW. The effect of initial shunt outflow position on patency of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004; 15(2 Pt 1):147–152.
14. Tripathi D, Therapondos G, Redhead DN, Madhavan KK, Hayes PC. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt and its effects on orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14:827–832.
15. Guerrini GP, Pleguezuelo M, Maimone S, Calvaruso V, Xirouchakis E, Patch D, et al. Impact of tips preliver transplantation for the outcome posttransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9:192–200.
16. Haskal ZJ, Martin L, Cardella JF, Cole PE, Drooz A, Grassi CJ, et al. SCVIR Standards of Practice Committee. Quality improvement guidelines for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001; 12:131–113.
17. Garcia-Tsao G, Groszmann RJ, Fisher RL, Conn HO, Atterbury CE, Glickman M. Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 1985; 5:419–424.
18. Zizka J, Eliás P, Krajina A, Michl A, Lojík M, Ryska P, et al. Value of Doppler sonography in revealing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt malfunction: a 5-year experience in 216 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000; 175:141–148.
19. Hayashi PH, Mao J, Slater K, Liao R, Durham JD, Carroll J, et al. Atrial septal perforation from TIPS stent migration. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004; 15:629–632.
20. Millis JM, Martin P, Gomes A, Shaked A, Colquhoun SD, Jurim O, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: impact on liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg. 1995; 1:229–233.
21. Boyer TD, Haskal ZJ. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2005; 41:386–400.
22. Meyer C, Odeh M, Herrera JJ, Resende A, Perarnau JM, Ellero B, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation with a suprahepatic vena caval anastomosis over a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Am Coll Surg. 1998; 187:217–220.
23. Hwang S, Moon DB, Lee SG. Current status and perspectives of living donor liver transplantation. J Korean Med Assoc. 2008; 51:700–707.
24. Ko GY, Sung KB, Yoon HK, Kim KR, Kim JH, Gwon DI, et al. Early posttransplant hepatic venous outflow obstruction: long-term efficacy of primary stent placement. Liver Transpl. 2008; 14:1505–1511.
25. LaBerge JM, Ferrell LD, Ring EJ, Gordon RL. Histopathologic study of stenotic and occluded transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1993; 4:779–786.
26. Saxon RR, Mendel-Hartvig J, Corless CL, Rabkin J, Uchida BT, Nishimine K, et al. Bile duct injury as a major cause of stenosis and occlusion in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: comparative histopathologic analysis in humans and swine. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1996; 7:487–497.
27. Cura M, Cura A, Suri R, El-Merhi F, Lopera J, Kroma G. Causes of TIPS dysfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008; 191:1751–1757.
28. Joo SM, Park JH, Kim HC, Jae HJ, Chung JW. Long term follow-up of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a comparison of covered and uncovered stents. J Korean Soc Radiol. 2009; 60:1–7.
29. García-Pagán JC, Caca K, Bureau C, Laleman W, Appenrodt B, Luca A, et al. Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362:2370–2379.
30. Fidelman N, Kwan SW, LaBerge JM, Gordon RL, Ring EJ, Kerlan RK Jr. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: an update. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012; 199:746–755.
31. Riggio O, Ridola L, Lucidi C, Angeloni S. Emerging issues in the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for management of portal hypertension: time to update the guidelines? Dig Liver Dis. 2010; 42:462–467.
TOOLS
Similar articles