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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the conventional cardiovascular disease risk assessment (CCDRA).
Materials and Methods
This study included 101 subjects who were exposed to inorganic dusts and underwent CAC scoring by multidetector CT (MDCT), laboratory tests, and a standardized questionnaire for CCDRA, after being approved from the Institutional Review Board and providing informed consent. All subjects were divided as either non-calcified group (< 1, 55.4%) or calcified group (≥ 1, 44.6%) from total CAC, and evaluated by CCDRA, such as Framingham risk score (FRS) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of FRS was generated for predicting CAC risk using SPSS program (ver. 19.0, Chicago, IL, USA).
Results
Total CAC was significantly correlated with FRS (r = 0.283, p = 0.004). Crude odds ratio for CAC risk was 3.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-9.52] in FRS ≥ 20%, and 2.87 (95% CI 1.24-6.65) in the high risk group of NCEP. Subjects with pneumoconiosis showed higher values of CAC (p = 0.541) and FRS (p = 0.035) scores compared with subjects without pneumoconiosis. ROC area of FRS was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59-0.79) with a cutoff point of 13.5%.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Scatterplots show that correlation between FRS and TCS (A), between NCEP and TCS (B), between age and TCS (C), between age and FRS (D). TCS was significantly positively correlated with FRS (r = 0.283, p = 0.004) as well as NCEP (r = 0.247, p = 0.013). TCS and FRS significantly increased with age.
Note.-FRS = Framingham risk score, NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Program, TCS = total calcium score
Fig. 2
Receiver operating characteristics curve illustrate that coronary artery calcification risk by Framingham risk score (FRS). Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59-0.79) with cutoff point of 13.5%.
Note.-CI = confidence interval
Table 1
Comparison of General Characteristics and Risk Factors between Non-Calcified and Calcified Groups by MDCT Calcium Scoring
Note.-Study groups were divided as either non-calcified (< 1) or calcified group (≥ 1) by total calcium score. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables.
CVD = cerebrovascular disease, FRS = Framingham risk score, KOSHA = Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA H-1-2010), LAD = left anterior descending artery, LCX = left circumflex artery, LM = left main coronary artery, MDCT = multidetector CT, NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Program (See Ref. 2), RCA = right coronary artery
Table 2
Coronary Artery Calcification Risk from Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Assessments
Note.-Crude odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated at three cutoff points in total calcium score.
CVD = cerebrovascular disease, FRS = Framingham risk score, KOSHA = Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA H-1-2010), NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Program (See Ref. 2), TCS = total calcium score
Table 3
Distribution Comparison of TCS and FRS between Negative and Positive Groups for Pneumoconiosis
Note.-Study groups were divided as either negative (profusion ≤ 0/1) or positive group (profusion ≥ 1/0) by pneumoconiosis findings. Data are expressed as the number of subjects (percent). p-value was calculated by the Linear by linear association of chi-square test.
FRS = Framingham risk score, TCS = total calcium score
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