Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy is a very common procedure that is used to assess thyroid nodules; any complications from this procedure are rather rare. We report here on an unusual case of active bleeding with the formation of a large hematoma from a branch of the superior thyroidal artery, and this was caused by a thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of active arterial bleeding after thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. The active bleeding was successfully treated by interventional embolization.