Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
References
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
Table 1
Characteristics of the Study Population according to Framingham Risk Score Tertile
![enm-31-537-i001](/upload/SynapseXML/2008enm/thumb/enm-31-537-i001.jpg)
Values are expressed as mean±SD.
FRS, Framingham Risk Score; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatinine; HTN, hypertension; OC, oral contraceptive; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio.
aP<0.05 for tertile 1 vs. tertile 2 and tertile 1 vs. tertile 3; bP<0.05 for tertile 2 vs. tertile 3; cUnit is 10,000 Korean won/month; dRegular exercise is indicated as 'yes' when the subject performs moderate exercise on a regular basis (more than 30 minutes at a time and more than five times per week); eUACR was logarithmically transformed for analysis to ensure a normal distribution.
Table 2
Characteristics of the Study Population according to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
![enm-31-537-i002](/upload/SynapseXML/2008enm/thumb/enm-31-537-i002.jpg)
Values are expressed as mean±SD.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatinine; HTN, hypertension; OC, oral contraceptive; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
aP<0.05 for optimal vs. intermediate normal, optimal vs. high normal, and optimal vs. microalbuminuria; bP<0.05 for intermediate normal vs. high normal and intermediate normal vs. microalbuminuria; cP<0.05 for high normal vs. microalbuminuria; dUnit is 10,000 Korean won/month; eRegular exercise is indicated as 'yes' when the subject performs moderate exercise on a regular basis (more than 30 minutes at a time and more than five times per week); fUACR was logarithmically transformed for analysis to ensure a normal distribution.
Table 3
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for the Highest Framingham Risk Score Tertile, according to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
![enm-31-537-i003](/upload/SynapseXML/2008enm/thumb/enm-31-537-i003.jpg)
Model 1: adjusted for lifestyle behaviors (alcohol drinking and regular exercise) and sociodemographic factors (residential area, family income, and education); Model 2: model 1 plus known cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol); Model 3: model 2 plus reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, and lactation); Model 4: model 3 plus estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 5: model 4 plus hypertension history.
aP<0.05.
Table 4
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for ≥10% 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, according to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
![enm-31-537-i004](/upload/SynapseXML/2008enm/thumb/enm-31-537-i004.jpg)
Model 1: adjusted for lifestyle behaviors (alcohol drinking and regular exercise) and sociodemographic factors (residential area, family income, and education); Model 2: model 1 plus known cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol); Model 3: model 2 plus reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, and lactation); Model 4: model 3 plus estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 5: model 4 plus hypertension history.
aP<0.05.