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Jun, Ko, Jung, Yoon, Kim, Kwon, Lee, Suk, Kim, Kim, and Park: Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Original Article
Endocrinology and Metabolism

Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011; 26(3): 218-224.

Published online: 27 September 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.218

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Haejung Jun1, 2, Junghae Ko1, 2, Hyesook Jung1, Changshin Yoon1, Taekyoon Kim1, 2, Minjeong Kwon1, 2, Soonhee Lee1, 2, Jihye Suk3, Mikyung Kim3, Dukkyu Kim4, Jeong Hyun Park1, 2

1Molecular Therapy Lab, Paik Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, Busan, Korea.

2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea.

3Department of Internal Medicine, Maryknoll Medical Center, Busan, Korea.

4Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jeong Hyun Park. Endocrinology & Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Pusanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea. Tel: +82-51-890-6270, Fax: +82-51-892-0273, pjhdoc@chol.com

Received 31 March 2011       Accepted 26 May 2011

Copyright © 2011 Korean Endocrine Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have been reported to exert a beneficial effect on reducing cardiovascular disease. Reports about their mechanism have generated several interesting findings, including a change in small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol proportion, adiponectin, and apolipoprotein B (apoB), in addition to changes in the lipid profile. The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma sdLDL, adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods

We randomized 28 type 2 diabetic patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or placebo, both administered at a dose of 4 g daily for 12 weeks. LDL subfractions prior to and after treatment were separated via low-speed ultracentrifugation and analyzed via immunoelectrophoresis. Adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 levels were measured using an ELISA kit.

Results

sdLDL proportions were reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group by 11% after 12 weeks of treatment (n = 17, P = 0.001), and were reduced by 4% in the control group (n = 11, P = 0.096). The patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids evidenced a significant reduction in the levels of triglyceride (P = 0.001), apoB100, and B48 after 12 weeks (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively) relative to the baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.011), but the levels of HbA1c in each group did not change to a statistically significance degree. The adiponectin value was not reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P = 0.133); by way of contrast, the placebo group evidenced a significant reduction in adiponectin value after 12 weeks (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Omega-3 fatty acid treatment proved effective in the reduction of atherogenic sdLDL and apoB in type 2 diabetic patients (Clinical trials reg. no. NCT 00758927, clinicaltrials.gov).

Keywords: Adiponectin, Apolipoprotein B48, Apolipoprotein B100, Omega-3 fatty acids, Small dense LDL cholesterol, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Sucrose and 3-10% poly-acrylamide gel gradient. A. 5-10% Sucrose gradient. LDL density is 1.02-1.044 g/mL and sdLDL density is 1.044-1.060. B. Poly-acrylamide gradient gels are casted using a 2-chamber gradient mixer. Preelectrophoresis for 60 min at 50 V and electrophoresis are performed by using running buffer (90 mM Tris, 80 mM boric acid, and 2.5 mM pH 8.35 Na2-EDTA) with cooling from a (Multitemp II, Pharmacia-LKB) set at 10℃. A total volume of 25 µL of sample, containing 3 µg of LDL protein, is applied to each well and electrophoresis is conducted at 20 V for 15 minute, then to 70 V for 15 minute, and finally to 125 V for 24 hours. After electrophoresis, gel is stained with Oil Red O and then Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250.
enm-26-218-g001
Fig. 2
The effects of sdLDL (A), adiponectin (B), apoB100 (C) and apoB48 (D) in type 2 diabetic patients with omega-3 fatty acids. sdLDL, apoB100 and B48 were significantly decreased after 12 weeks treatment with omega-3 fatty acids. Adiponectin values were not changed.
enm-26-218-g002
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of subjects
enm-26-218-i001

The 2 groups did not differ significantly with regard to any of these variables in student t-tests. All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2
Changes of metabolic parameters from baseline to week 12 in the omega?? fatty acids and placebo group
enm-26-218-i001

HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. *Statistical significance test was done by paired t-test vs. baseline (P < 0.05).

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