The study was conducted to examine Mother-Infant interaction and Maternal identity in two groups, that is, premature infant and its mother and full-term infant and its mother. For this purpose, the data were collected from 24 sample groups(12 for premature dyads and the remaining 12 for full-term dyads) by using observation method and questionnaires during July, 20 through September 30, 1987. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. In terms of Mother-Infant Interaction, full-term dyads considerably stood out compared to that of premature dyads(u=21, p<0.01). 2. In terms of Maternal Identity, through full-term dyads showed somewhat high results, there was not a significant difference between two groups. 3. There was a significant correlation between Mother-Infant Interaction and Maternal Identity.