The puerperal infection is one of the major causes of maternal death, and although it is preventable throuht an effective prenatal as well as postnatal care its morbidity is increasing due to bacterial resistant to an effective antibiotics. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the puerperal morbidity of 949 parturients who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecologic deparment of Ewha Womans University Hospital from January 1971to Septenber 1971. Among the 949 parturients, especially 40 normal parturients were selected(20, control goup was glven complete aseptic care during laber and delivery and post delivery; 20, compare group was given the ordinary care practiced during labor and delivery and maternal ward of Ewha Whmans University Hospital) for bacteriologic test on vaginal flora twivce, on admission and on complete cervical dilatation of each parturient. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Majority of parturients' age were 21 to 35 years old(90.83%), and educational level of 949 parturients was above high school. A large number of parturients' socieconomic level (according to their husbands' job) were moderate. 2. Among the 949 parturients, multipara(55.9%) were a little more than primipara(44.1%) and 38.84% of parturients had experienced abortion. 3. In deliverty types, normal deliveries(804 cases) were more than cesaeran section deliveries(145 cases) The puerperal morbidity after normal deliveries was 0.5%, and cesarean section deliveries, 23.45%. 4. Among 949 parturients incidence of hemorrhage cases (500cc or more bleeding) showed the higher puerperal morbidity (24.86%) than other cases (bleeding less than 500cc, 7.83%). 5. The majority of parturients(81.03%) had been taking antenatal care, but most of them were taken irregular antenatal care. On the other hand, on admission, the parturients with complication were 30.32%, and their puerperal morbidity showed much higher(7.02%) than those with no complica- tion(2.71%). 6. The incidence of puerperal morbidity in premature ruptured menbrane was higher(10.91%) than normal parturients(1.73%). 7. In the result of aseptic care during labor and delivery and post delivery, the number of cultured bacteria was less. in control group than Compare group (in control group, on admission 17, on complete cervical dilatation 12: in compare group, on admission 21 on complete cervical dilatation 21). The most common bacterias were Staphyococcus (control group 14 on admission, compare group 16 on admission), and next Streptococcus, E-Coli, Bacillus Subtilus, in order. Also in control group the number of colony were reduced (43%) more than in Compare group. Transient temperature elevation from 37degrees C to 37.4degrees C were noted in compare group(50%) than in control group(30%), and there was no one indicated above 38degrees C. In conclusin, the aseptic care is the best way of preventing puerperal infection as well as decreasing the puerperal morbidity. Therefore the most important nursing care is the asptic care for each parturent during labor and delivery and post delivery and also all the instruments must be cleaned and sterilized.