Malaria has a wordwide incidence of more than one thousand to three thousand million clinical cases and results in approximately 200 to 300 million deaths per year. Although Korea was an endemic area of Malaria, it was nearly eradicated from the country. However, indigenous cases of malaria have been reported since 1994. Recently, we experienced a case of Plasmodium vivax infection in a resident of Seoul. A 25-year old young man who had no history of being abroad, blood transfusion nor parenteral use of drug visited our hospital due to fever and chill for 4 days. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated Plasmodium vivax infection. He was treated with hydroxychoroquine and premaquine without relapse.