Secular Trends for Diagnostic Motives and Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Using Questionnaire Survey

Hana Kim; Yul Hwangbo; Sung Hye Kong; Young Shin Song; Min Joo Kim; Sun Wook Cho; You Jin Lee; Ka Hee Yi; Do Joon Park; Eun Kyung Lee; Young Joo Park

doi:10.11106/ijt.2017.10.2.82

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Kim, Hwangbo, Kong, Song, Kim, Cho, Lee, Yi, Park, Lee, and Park: Secular Trends for Diagnostic Motives and Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Using Questionnaire Survey

Original Article

International Journal of Thyroidology 2017; 10(2): 82-88.

Published online: 29 November 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2017.10.2.82

Secular Trends for Diagnostic Motives and Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Using Questionnaire Survey

Hana Kim^1,^*, Yul Hwangbo^2,^*, Sung Hye Kong¹, Young Shin Song¹, Min Joo Kim¹, Sun Wook Cho¹, You Jin Lee², Ka Hee Yi³, Do Joon Park^1,⁴, Eun Kyung Lee², Young Joo Park¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

²Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

³Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea.

Correspondence: Eun Kyung Lee, MD, PhD, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea. Tel: 82-31-920-1743, Fax: 82-31-920-2798, waterfol@ncc.re.kr

Equal contributor:

*These two authors equally contributed to this article.

Received 13 November 2017 Revised 14 November 2017 Accepted 15 November 2017

The Korean Thyroid Association

(open-access):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background and Objectives

We analyzed the clinicopathologic differences of thyroid cancer by diagnosis periods, diagnostic motives, residence history and clinical risk factors in thyroid cancer patients.

Materials and Methods

Total 1599 thyroid cancer patients who answered the questionnaires about family history of thyroid cancer, residence history including duration of residence and location were enrolled from two hospitals, Seoul National University Hospital and National Cancer Center in Korea. Demographics and environmental information were collected via questionnaires and clinical data were reviewed via electronic medical records.

Results

More thyroid cancer has been diagnosed in 2011 to 2013 by screening test without specific symptom than before 1990. The size of cancer at diagnosis was significantly smaller and multifocal tumor was more frequently found in 2011 to 2013 than before 1990 as well. The tumors of obese or overweight patients tended to harbor extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis than normal weight subjects with statistical significance. However, there were no differences in clinicopathologic characteristics according to residence and smoking history.

Conclusion

In this study, there were some different clinicopathologic characteristics according to the diagnosis era, diagnostic motives, family history of thyroid cancer and body mass index.

Keywords: Thyroid cancer, Thyroid cancer screening, Environmental factor, Questionnaire

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Difference in diagnosis motivation according to periods.

Table 1

Characteristics of subjects by diagnosis period

BMI: body mass index, FTC: follicular thyroid cancer, LN: lymph node, LT: lobectomy, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation, TT: total thyroidectomy

^*Others included medullary thyroid cancer, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Table 2

Clinicopathological characteristics according to diagnosis motive

LN: lymph node, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation

Table 3

Clinicopathological characteristics according to residence

ETE: extrathyroidal extension, LN: lymph node, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation

Table 4

Clinicopathological characteristics according to family history of thyroid cancer

ETE: extrathyroidal extension, LN: lymph node, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation

Table 5

Clinicopathological characteristics according to smoking status

ETE: extrathyroidal extension, LN: lymph node, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation

Table 6

Clinicopathological characteristics according to body mass index

BMI: body mass index, ETE: extrathyroidal extension, LN: lymph node, PTC: papillary thyroid cancer, SD: standard deviation

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from Research Grants No. 1410640-3, 1710430-1 to Eun Kyung Lee from the National Cancer Center.

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