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Abstract
Primary health care providers play a critical role in maintaining public health, and the appropriate prescription of pharmaceutical products is a major component of their practice. This series of articles entitled ‘Clinical Pharmacology Review for Primary Health Care Providers' is intended to help primary health care providers select more appropriate prescriptions for frequently used drugs based on up-to-date information. We expect that this effort will contribute to improvements in public health and diminish unnecessary drug use.
References
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Table 1.
Side effects of short-term glucocorticoid therapy
Table 2.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics of corticosteroids for general use
Table 3.
Topical corticosteroids in various formulations summarized by Robertson DB & Maibach HI
| Concentration | Drug |
|---|---|
| Lowest efficacy | |
| 0.25–2.5% | Hydrocortisone |
| 0.25% | Methylprednisolone acetate (Medrol) |
| 0.1% | Dexamethasone1 (Decaderm) |
| 1.0% | Methylprednisolone acetate (Medrol) |
| 0.5% | Prednisolone (MetiDerm) |
| 0.2% | Betamethasone1 (Celestone) |
| Low efficacy | |
| 0.01% | Fluocinolone acetonide1 (Fluonid, Synalar) |
| 0.01% | Betamethasone valerate1 (Valisone) |
| 0.025% | Fluorometholone1 (Oxylone) |
| 0.05% | Alclometasone dipropionate (Aclovate) |
| 0.025% | Triamcinolone acetonide1 (Aristocort, Kenalog, Triacet) |
| 0.1% | Clocortolone pivalate1 (Cloderm) |
| 0.03% | Flumethasone pivalate1 (Locorten) |
| Intermediate efficacy | |
| 0.2% | Hydrocortisone valerate (Westcort) |
| 0.1% | Mometasone furoate (Elocon) |
| 0.1% | Hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid) |
| 0.1% | Hydrocortisone probutate (Pandel) |
| 0.025% | Betamethasone benzoate1 (Uticort) |
| 0.025% | Flurandrenolide1 (Cordran) |
| 0.1% | Betamethasone valerate1 (Valisone) |
| 0.1% | Prednicarbate (Dermatop) |
| 0.05% | Fluticasone propionate (Cutivate) |
| 0.05% | Desonide (Desowen) |
| 0.025% | Halcinonide1 (Halog) |
| 0.05% | Desoximetasone1 (Topicort L.P.) |
| 0.05% | Flurandrenolide1 (Cordran) |
| 0.1% | Triamcinolone acetonide1 |
| 0.025% | Fluocinolone acetonide1 |
| High efficacy | |
| 0.05% | Fluocinonide1 (Lidex) |
| 0.05% | Betamethasone dipropionate1 (Diprosone, Maxivate) |
| 0.1% | Amcinonide1 (Cyclocort) |
| 0.25% | Desoximetasone1 (Topicort) |
| 0.5% | Triamcinolone acetonide1 |
| 0.2% | Fluocinolone acetonide1 (Synalar-HP) |
| 0.05% | Diflorasone diacetate1 (Florone, Maxiflor) |
| 0.1% | Halcinonide1 (Halog) |
| Highest efficacy | |
| 0.05% | Betamethasone dipropionate in optimized vehicle (Diprolene)1 |
| 0.05% | Diflorasone diacetate1 in optimized vehicle (Psorcon) |
| 0.05% | Halobetasol propionate1 (Ultravate) |
| 0.05% | Clobetasol propionate1 (Temovate) |
Table 4.
Indications for the use of glucocorticoids in nonadrenal disorders
Table 5.
Various systemic side effects of long-term glucocorticoid use
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