Nursing Needs and Satisfaction of Family of Pediatric Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy

Eun Jung Park; Jeong Hee Jeong; Seong Rye Jin; Eun Joo Cho; Ju Youn Kim; Ji Hyun Shin; Myung Eun Hur; Min Jung Seo; Eun Kyung Cha; Gie Ok Noh

doi:10.5388/aon.2017.17.2.97

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Park, Jeong, Jin, Cho, Kim, Shin, Hur, Seo, Cha, and Noh: Nursing Needs and Satisfaction of Family of Pediatric Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy

Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2017;17(2):97-106.

Published online: 5 June 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2017.17.2.97

Nursing Needs and Satisfaction of Family of Pediatric Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy

Eun Jung Park¹, Jeong Hee Jeong², Seong Rye Jin¹, Eun Joo Cho¹, Ju Youn Kim¹, Ji Hyun Shin¹, Myung Eun Hur¹, Min Jung Seo¹, Eun Kyung Cha¹, Gie Ok Noh³

¹Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

²Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea

³College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea

^∗ This study was financially supported by the research fund of nursing department of Samsung Medical Center.

Address reprint requests to: Jeong, Jeong Hee Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-3055 Fax: +82-2-2148-9949 E-mail: jhee.jung@samsung.com

Received 10 May 201716 Jun 2017 Accepted 20 Jun 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the nursing needs and satisfaction of pediatric cancer patient families during chemotherapy.

Methods

Data collection was conducted from April to July 2016 using the questionnaire of nursing needs and satisfaction developed by the researchers in 123 families of children who were diagnosed with pediatric cancer and undergoing chemotherapy. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SPSS 22.0 program.

Results

Nursing needs and satisfaction were 4.27 ± 0.78 and 4.16 ± 0.57, respectively. Significant differences between nursing need and satisfaction were ob-served in the educational/informational domain (t=3.94, p=<.001) and community resources nursing domain (t=2.16, p=.032). Also, in terms of general characteristics, the nursing needs were significantly different depending on the elapsed time after diagnosis (t=1.98, p=.049), and the nursing satisfaction was significantly different depending on the type of treatment (F=4.02, p=.009).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, when caring for children who are receiving chemotherapy and their family, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions that meet the individualized nursing needs of those directly and indirectly affected.

Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents, Family, Needs Assessment, Pediatric Nursing, Personal Satisfaction

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Table 1.

General and Clinical Characteristics of Participants (N =123)

Domine	Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M ± SD
General	Gender	Male	24 (19.5)
characteristics		Female	99 (80.5)
	Age (year)	≤39	54 (43.9)
		40~49	63 (51.2)	40.5 ± 6.28
		≥50	6 (4.9)
	Relationship with patients	Father	24 (19.5)
		Mother	95 (77.2)
		Others	4 (3.3)
	Education level	≤ High school	28 (22.7)
		≥ College	95 (77.3)
	Religion	Yes	66 (53.7)
		No	57 (46.3)
	Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜150	10 (8.1)
		150~300	28 (22.8)
		300~400	30 (24.4)
		400~500	22 (17.9)
		≥500	33 (26.8)
	Medical expenses during	＜50	22 (17.9)
	the past three months	50~100	28 (22.8)
	(10,000 won)	＞ 100	73 (59.3)
	Burden of medical expenses	High	22 (17.9)
		Moderate	62 (50.4)
		Low	33 (26.8)
		None	6 (4.9)
Clinical	Diagnosis	Solid Tumor	55 (44.7)
characteristics		Leukemia	37 (30.1)
		Neuroblastoma	16 (13.0)
		Lymphoma	15 (12.2)
	Duration since diagnosis	＜6 mon.	51 (41.4)
		≥6 mon.	72 (58.6)
	Treatment type	CTX. only	64 (52.0)
		CTX and 1 more Tx.	34 (27.6)
		CTX and 2 more Tx.	13 (10.6)
		CTX and 3 more Tx.	12 (9.8)
	Decision maker of	Father	34 (27.6)
	treatment	Mother	60 (48.8)
		Both	29 (23.6)

CTX= Chemotherapy; Tx= Treatment.

Table 2.

Nursing Need and Nursing Satisfaction

Domains	Items	Nursing need	Nursing satisfaction	t	(p)
Domains	Items	M ± SD	M ± SD	t	(p)
Physical	Provide nursing care so the pediatric patient can be treated in a safe environment (fall prevention, assist in transit, infection control, etc.)	4.27 ± 0.96	4.38 ± 0.63	-1.17	(.245)
	Provide a pleasant environment during treatment (changing patient gown/ bed sheet, temperature control, organizing, etc.)	4.33 ± 0.98	4.35 ± 0.71	-0.16	(.870)
	Provide adequate nursing care for side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, etc.)	4.43 ± 0.91	4.46 ± 0.62	-0.34	(.737)
	Take appropriate action (medication, ice/hot pack) when patient is in pain	4.46 _± 0.90	4.37 _± 0.68	0.95	(.346)
	Provide quick response when asked for nursing care	4.52 ± 0.89	4.46 ± 0.77	0.57	(.571)
	Accurately and professionally performs injection and other treatment with skilled precision	4.63 ± 0.81	4.45 ± 0.79	1.87	(.064)
	Treat pediatric patient with caution when providing treatment or nursing care	4.46 _± 0.91	4.57 _± 0.53	-1.32	(.191)
	Subtotal	4.44 ± 0.83	4.44 ± 0.57	0.10	(.924)
Emotional	Express sympathy with the pediatric patient’ s expression.	4.32 ± 0.91	4.41 ± 0.61	-1.15	(.254)
	Allow expressions of emotion and listen carefully.	4.29 ± 0.95	4.43 ± 0.62	-1.48	(.141)
	Respect pediatric patient’ s privacy.	4.32 ± 0.94	4.46 ± 0.59	-1.61	(.109)
	Provide appropriate help by giving attention to and understanding the pedi-	4.00 ± 0.96	4.13 ± 0.76	-1.44	(.152)
	atric patient and their family, religious beliefs and symbols.
	Allowing the guardian to participate during treatment and nursing care.	4.25 ± 0.98	4.34 ± 0.64	-0.92	(.360)
	Encouraging positive/optimistic mind during the treatment process.	4.37 ± 0.93	4.33 ± 0.73	0.33	(.739)
	Subtotal	4.26 ± 0.87	4.35 ± 0.56	-1.15	(.254)
Educational/	Educate to make it easier to understand the disease	4.45 ± 0.87	4.22 ± 0.74	2.28	(.024)
informational	Educate to make it easier to understand the treatment process	4.49 ± 0.83	4.19 ± 0.82	2.91	(.004)
	Educate about types of side effects, complications, and how to prevent and manage them	4.58 ± 0.78	4.04 ± 0.86	5.12	(＜.001)
	When giving medication, educate to make it easier to understand the precautions and efficacy associated with the medicine	4.48 ± 0.90	4.18 ± 0.73	3.05	(.003)
	Educate purpose, process, and precautions of the examination and procedure so that it is easy to understand	4.50 _± 0.91	4.15 _± 0.77	3.40	(.001)
	Educate so that they understand how to care for themselves	4.48 ± 0.89	4.11 ± 0.76	3.54	(.001)
	Educate about how to control pain	4.41 ± 0.96	3.98 ± 0.86	3.64	(＜.001)
	Subtotal	4.48 _± 0.81	4.13 _± 0.67	3.94	(＜.001)
Community resources	Provide economic support options (social work department)	4.17 _± 1.01	3.79 _± 0.95	3.34	(.001)
resources	Provides information, when necessary, on special therapy (music, art therapy) and psychotherapy	4.20 ± 0.99	3.59 ± 1.04	4.88	(＜.001)
	Connecting to self-help groups (pediatric patients group, parents group) and pediatrics patients with the same disease	3.65 ± 0.99	3.51 ± 0.99	1.13	(.261)
	Provide information about continuing academic education (hospital school)	3.89 ± 1.04	3.74 ± 0.89	1.32	(.188)
	Provide nutritional education (nutritionist) appropriate to the condition of the pediatric patient and treatment process	4.20 ± 0.92	3.80 ± 0.89	3.84	(＜.001)
	Provides information on religious facilities within the hospital	3.36 ± 1.20	3.61 ± 0.91	-1.93	(.056)
	Provides information on accommodation outside the hospital	3.74 ± 1.05	3.70 ± 0.91	0.34	(.738)
	Subtotal	3.89 ± 0.83	3.68 ± 0.81	2.16	(.032)
Total		4.27 ± 0.78	4.16 ± 0.57	1.39	(.168)

Table 3.

Nursing Need and Nursing Satisfaction according to General and Clinical Characteristics (N =123)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Nursing need		Nursing satisfaction
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	M ± SD	t or F (p)	M ± SD	t or F (p)
General characteristics	Age (year)	≤39	4.45 _± 0.54	2.67	4.26 _± 0.51	1.91
characteristics		40~49	4.12 ± 0.92	(.074)	4.09 ± 0.59	(.152)
		≥50	4.18 ± 0.66		3.91 ± 0.71
	Relationship with patients	Father	4.26 ± 0.96	0.01	4.15 ± 0.70	0.02
		Mother	4.27 ± 0.74	(.997)	4.16 ± 0.53	(.979)
		Others	4.29 ± 0.59		4.11 ± 0.66
	Education level	≤ High school	3.99 ± 0.94	-1.84	4.21 ± 0.64	0.52
		≥ College	4.35 _± 0.71	(.075)	4.15 _± 0.54	(.605)
	Religion	Yes	4.30 ± 0.73	0.53	4.09 ± 0.58	-1.46
		No	4.23 _± 0.83	(.595)	4.24 _± 0.54	(.146)
	Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜150	4.39 ± 0.99	0.84	4.29 ± 0.58	0.73
		150~＜300	4.05 ± 0.88	(.500)	4.28 ± 0.51	(.576)
		300~＜400	4.25 ± 0.85		4.06 ± 0.67
		400~＜500	4.33 ± 0.52		4.10 ± 0.58
		≥500	4.39 _± 0.69		4.14 _± 0.50
	Medical expenses during	＜50	4.33 ± 0.45	1.05	4.31 ± 0.41	1.27
	the past three months	50~100	4.43 ± 0.62	(.354)	4.20 ± 0.55	(.284)
	(10,000 won)	＞100	4.19 _± 0.90		4.10 _± 0.61
	Burden of medical expenses	High	4.31 _± 0.80	0.25	4.26 _± 0.73	0.36
		Moderate	4.22 ± 0.93	(.865)	4.15 ± 0.55	(.780)
		Low	4.30 ± 0.44		4.10 ± 0.45
		None	4.46 ± 0.39		4.18 ± 0.67
Clinical	Diagnosis	Solid tumor	4.24 ± 0.83	0.17	4.16 ± 0.51	0.40
characteristics		Leukemia	4.34 ± 0.74	(.920)	4.18 ± 0.66	(.754)
		Neuroblastoma	4.20 ± 0.87		4.21 ± 0.48
		Lymphoma	4.25 _± 0.60		4.01 _± 0.61
	Duration since diagnosis	＜6 months	4.42 ± 0.63	1.98	4.20 ± 0.54	0.72
		≥6 months	4.16 _± 0.85	(.049)	4.13 _± 0.59	(.476)
	Treatment type	CTX. only ^a	4.38 ± 0.75	1.61	4.27 ± 0.51	4.02
		CTX and 1 more Tx ^b	4.26 _± 0.74	(.191)	4.19 _± 0.51	(.009)
		CTX and 2 more Tx ^c	4.06 ± 0.85		3.76 ± 0.71	a＞ c,d∗
		CTX and 3 more Tx ^d	3.91 ± 0.88		3.92 ± 0.63	b＞ c∗
	Decision maker of treatment	Father	4.20 ± 0.91	1.57	4.19 ± 0.64	0.10
		Mother	4.20 ± 0.81	(.212)	4.15 ± 0.53	(.908)
		Both	4.49 ± 0.45		4.14 ± 0.57

^∗ LSD (Least Significance Difference) post hoc; CTX= chemotherapy; Tx= treatment.

Table 4.

Nursing Needs Depending on Elapsed Time after Diagnosis & Nursing Satisfaction Depending on Type of Treatment (N =123)

Variables	Categories	Physical		Emotional		Educational/informational		Community resources
Variables	Categories	M ± SD	t or F (p)	M ± SD	t or F (p)	M ± SD	t or F (p)	M ± SD	t or F (p)
Nursing need	Duration since diagnosis
	＜6 months	4.61 ± 0.66	61.93	4.42 ± 0.76	61.71	4.67 ± 0.68	82.24	4.00 ± 0.76	1.30
	≥6 months	4.33 ± 0.92	2 (.056)	4.15 ± 0.92	2 (.090)	4.35 ± 0.88	8 (.027)	3.81 ± 0.88	(.197)
Nursing satisfaction months	Treatment type
	CTX. only^a	4.47 ± 0.45	6.05	4.46 ± 0.51	3.96	4.23 ± 0.61	2.44	3.78 ± 0.77	1.55
	CTX and 1more Tx ^b	4.47 ± 0.49	9 (.001)	4.40 ± 0.50	0 (.010)	4.14 ± 0.66	6 (.068)	3.70 ± 0.82	(.206)
	CTX and 2 more Tx ^c	3.93 ± 0.87	7 a,b＞ c∗	4.06 ± 0.69	9 a＞ c,d∗	3.71 ± 0.82	2	3.30 ± 0.93
	CTX and 3 more Tx ^d	4.17 _± 0.64	4	3.99 _± 0.62	2 b＞ d∗	3.96 _± 0.75	5	3.49 _± 0.75

^∗ LSD (Least Significance Difference) post hoc; CTX= chemotherapy; Tx= treatment.

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