Effects of a Group Coaching Program on Depression, Anxiety and Hope in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

So Ryoung Seong; Moon-kyung Cho; Jeeyoon Kim; Yeo Ok Kim

doi:10.5388/aon.2017.17.3.188

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Seong, Cho, Kim, and Kim: Effects of a Group Coaching Program on Depression, Anxiety and Hope in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2017; 17(3): 188-199.

Published online: 30 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2017.17.3.188

Effects of a Group Coaching Program on Depression, Anxiety and Hope in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

So Ryoung Seong

, Moon-kyung Cho

, Jeeyoon Kim

, Yeo Ok Kim

Department of Nursing, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Seong, So Ryoung. Department of Nursing, Asan medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3010-3225, Fax: +82-2-3010-5400, chacha813@hanmail.net

Received 29 July 2017 Revised 10 September 2017 Accepted 15 September 2017

Korean Oncology Nursing Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a group coaching program (GCP) on depression, anxiety, and hope in women breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

A total of 152 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving the GCP (N=76) and an untreated control group (N=76). Data collection consisted of three measurements of depression, anxiety, and hope (pre, post, and 3weeks later). The intervention was a one-time GCP consisting of 5 subparts for 30~40 minutes for a group of 3~4 people, conducted by a single nurse.

Results

The scores of depression, anxiety, and hope changed significantly over time (p<.001, p<.001, p<.001). Depression, anxiety, and hope changes were significantly different between the experimental and control groups (p<.001, p<.001, p<.001). There was a difference in depression, anxiety, and hope among the groups according to the implementation of the GCP (p<.001, p<.001, p<.001). In the experimental group, depression, anxiety, and hope level were significantly different between the pre- and post-test (p<.001), pre- and 3weeks later-test (p<.001), but not in the control group.

Conclusion

The GCP for women breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was effective in reducing depression and anxiety, and increasing hope.

Keywords: Mentoring, Breast Neoplasms, Depression, Anxiety, Hope

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Study flow.

Fig. 2

Contents of group coaching program.

Fig. 3

Changes and differences on dependent variables scores at pre, post and 3 weeks intervention.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and Dependent Variables between Experimental Group and Control Group Variables (N=152)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=76)	Cont. (n=76)	x² or t or Z	p
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M ± SD	n (%) or M ± SD	x² or t or Z	p
General characteristics	Medical period after diagnosis (month)		28.63 ± 41.49	26.86 ± 37.63	-0.81	.421^§
	Age (year)	20s	2 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	5.60	.236^‡
		30s	8 (10.5)	9 (11.8)
		40s	29 (38.2)	40 (52.6)
		50s	33 (43.4)	23 (30.3)
		60s	4 (5.3)	4 (5.3)
			48.6 ± 7.52	47.7 ± 7.35
	Marital status	Married	64 (84.2)	64 (84.2)	3.29	.339^‡
		Unmarried	5 (6.6)	8 (10.5)
		Bereavement	0 (0.0)	1 (1.3)
		Divorce	7 (9.2)	3 (4.0)
	Job status	Yes	18 (23.7)	24 (31.6)	1.18	.364^†
	Job status	No	58 (76.3)	52 (68.4)	1.18	.364^†
	Religion	None	27 (35.5)	37 (48.7)	4.57	.314^‡
		Christian	22 (29.0)	22 (28.9)
		Catholicism	9 (11.8)	5 (6.6)
		Buddies	17 (22.4)	12 (15.8)
		Etc.	1 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
	Education	≤Elementary school	4 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.182^‡
		Middle school	4 (5.3)	7 (9.2)
		High school	34 (44.7)	31 (40.8)
		≥College	34 (44.7)	38 (50.0)
	Economic burden	Yes	39 (51.3)	27 (35.5)	3.86	.072^†
	Economic burden	No	37 (48.7)	49 (64.5)	3.86	.072^†
	Stage	Ⅰ	10 (13.2)	5 (6.6)	8.86	.067^‡
		Ⅱ	42 (55.3)	30 (39.5)
		Ⅲ	14 (18.4)	20 (26.3)
		Ⅳ	8 (10.5)	15 (19.7)
		Unknown	2 (2.6)	6 (7.9)
	Operation	None	12 (15.8)	20 (26.4)	2.65	.266^†
		BCO	34 (44.7)	28 (36.8)
		MRM	30 (39.5)	28 (36.8)
	Menopause	Yes	47 (61.8)	44 (57.9)	0.25	.741^†
	Menopause	No	29 (38.2)	32 (42.1)	0.25	.741^†
Dependent variables (range)	Depression	0~20	8.55 ± 4.70	7.53 ± 4.36	-1.40	.165^*
	Anxiety	0~60	28.55 ± 13.01	25.50 ± 12.38	-1.48	.140^*
	Hope	0~24	12.50 ± 5.18	12.91 ± 6.37	0.43	.665^*

^*independent t-test; ^†Chi-square; ^‡Fisher's exact test; ^§Mann-Whitney t-test; Exp.= Experimental group; Cont.= Control group; BCO= Breast conserving operation; MRM= Modified radical mastectomy; Etc.= et cetera.

Table 2

Analysis of Main Effect and Interaction Effect for Dependent Variables (N=152)

Source	Variables	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	p^*
Time	Depression	627.64	2	313.82	38.26	<.001
	Anxiety	7593.25	2	3796.63	53.85	<.001
	Hope	1052.98	2	526.49	35.52	<.001
Group	Depression	581.63	1	581.63	16.76	<.001
	Anxiety	7693.27	1	7693.27	30.02	<.001
	Hope	1300.22	1	1300.22	21.92	<.001
Time x Group	Depression	661.72	2	330.86	36.88	<.001
	Anxiety	7808.58	2	3904.29	53.04	<.001
	Hope	891.64	2	445.82	28.59	<.001

^*p-value was tested by repeated measures ANOVA.

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ORCID iDs

So Ryoung Seong
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-6023

Moon-kyung Cho
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2628-2486

Jeeyoon Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-9286

Yeo Ok Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-3748

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