A Study of the Relationships between Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders among Oncology Nurses

Sung Ja Kim; Hyunjoo Na

doi:10.5388/aon.2017.17.2.116

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Kim and Na: A Study of the Relationships between Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders among Oncology Nurses

Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2017;17(2):116-123.

Published online: 5 June 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2017.17.2.116

A Study of the Relationships between Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders among Oncology Nurses

Sung Ja Kim¹, Hyunjoo Na²

¹Department of Nursing, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea

^∗ This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis from Dong-A University.

Address reprint requests to: Na, Hyunjoo Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-2877 Fax: +82-51-240-2744 E-mail: hjna21@donga.ac.kr

Received 17 Apr 201730 May 2017 Accepted 16 Jun 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose

This study was conducted to identify the relationships between various factors, including compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among oncology nurses.

Methods

A convenience sample of 140 oncology nurses from 3 university hospitals completed questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

Compassion fatigue is composed of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. The levels of compassion fatigue showed significant positive correlations with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder. On the other hand, the levels of compassion satisfaction showed significant negative correlations with compassion fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. The subjects in the at-risk and very distressed group of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction risk profile had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

Conclusion

Such efforts will help reduce the level of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in oncology nurses at-risk of developing compassion fatigue. It is also necessary to provide organization support for oncology nurses, and to develop an intervention that is designed to mitigate their compassion fatigue and to promote compassion satisfaction.

Keywords: Compassion Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety, Sleep Disorders

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Table 1.

General Characteristics of the Participants (N =140)

Variables	Categories	n (%) or M ± SD
Gender	Female Male	140 (100.0)
	Male
Age (year)		30.0 ± 6.73
	≤25	40 (28.6)
	26~30	56 (40.0)
	≥31	44 (31.4)
Marital status	Single	105 (75.0)
	Married	35 (25.0)
Religion	No	94 (67.1)
	Yes	46 (32.9)
Education	College	38 (27.1)
	Bachelor	89 (63.6)
	≥ Master degree	e 13 (9.3)
Total clinical experience		7.06 ± 6.58
(year)	＜3	39 (27.9)
	3~6	44 (31.4)
	＞6	57 (40.7)
Oncology clinical expe-		3.77 _± 3.32
rience (year)	＜3	68 (48.6)
	3~6	44 (31.4)
	＞6	28 (20.0)
Position	Staff nurse	128 (91.4)
	≥ Charge nurse	12 (8.6)
Monthly income (10,000 won)	≤200	27 (19.3)
	201~300	84 (60.0)
	≥301	29 (20.7)
Job satisfaction	Satisfaction	80 (57.6)
	Dissatisfaction	60 (42.4)

Table 2.

Levels of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorder (N =140)

Variables	Categories	Range	n (%) or M ± SD
Compassion fatigue	Secondary traumatic stress	10~50	31.52 ± 4.00
	High group	56≤ T	39 (27.9)
	Medium group	44≤ T＜56	69 (49.2)
	Low group	T＜44	32 (22.9)
	Burn out	10~50	30.53 ± 4.69
	High group	56≤ T	35 (25.0)
	Medium group	44≤ T＜56	73 (52.1)
	Low group	T＜44	32 (22.9)
Compassion satisfaction	High group	10~50	30.27 ± 5.66
	Medium group	58≤ T	36 (25.7)
	Low group	44≤ T＜58	75 (53.6)
		T＜44	29 (20.7)
Depression		0~27	9.06 ± 5.39
Anxiety		20~80	49.13 ± 9.60
Sleep disorder		0~21	9.66 ± 3.18

Table 3.

Correlations among Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorder (N =140)

Variable	Compassion fatigue		Compassion satisfaction	Depression	Anxiety	Sleep
	STS	Burn out	Compassion satisfaction	Depression	Anxiety	Sleep
	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Compassion fatigue
Secondary traumatic stress (STS)	1
Burn out	.46 (＜.001)	1
Compassion satisfaction	-.23 (.005)	-.80 (＜.001)	1
Depression	.50 (＜.001)	.72 (＜.001)	-.58 (＜.001)	1
Anxiety	.49 (＜.001)	.73 (＜.001)	-.60 (＜.001)	.69 (＜.001)	1
Sleep disorder	.30 (＜.001)	.43 (＜.001)	-.30 (＜.001)	.52 (＜.001)	.36 (＜.001)	1

Table 4.

Differences of Depression, Anxiety, Sleep disorder by CF, and CS Risk Profile (N =55)

Profile	n (%)	Depression	Anxiety	Sleep disorder
Profile	n (%)	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD
Positive reinforcement from work	23 (16.4)	5.52 _± 3.67	39.96 _± 8.81	8.09 _± 3.02
(High CS and moderate to low BO and STS)
Overwhelmed	5 (3.6)	5.20 _± 2.95	43.20 _± 7.01	9.00 _± 2.44
(High STS and CS and low BO)
At-risk	12 (8.6)	12.58 ± 4.87	55.75 ± 9.44	11.50 ± 2.43
(High BO and moderate to Low CS and STS)
Typically unique to high-risk situations	0 (0.0)	-	-	-
(High STS and Low BO and CS)
Very distressed	15 (10.7)	16.20 ± 4.73	61.27 ± 6.51	11.80 ± 2.80
(High STS & BO & Low CS)
x² (3, 55)∗		33.66 (.001)	32.93 (.001)	15.27 (.002)

^∗ Kruskal Wallis test (Typically unique to high-risk situations profile excluded from analysis); CF= Compassion fatigue; CS= Compassion satisfaction; BO= Burn out; STS= Secondary traumatic stress.

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