Health Promotion Behavior in Colorectal Cancer Patients and General Adults

Sunhee Hwang; Nami Chun

doi:10.5388/aon.2016.16.2.94

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Hwang and Chun: Health Promotion Behavior in Colorectal Cancer Patients and General Adults

Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2016; 16(2): 94-102.

Published online: 30 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2016.16.2.94

Health Promotion Behavior in Colorectal Cancer Patients and General Adults

Sunhee Hwang¹, Nami Chun²

¹Department of Nursing, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Chun, Nami. College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University Woonjung Green Campus, 76-gaguil 55 Dobongro Gangbukgu Seoul, 01133, Korea. Tel: +82-2-920-7523, Fax: +82-2-920-2092, nmchun@sungshin.ac.kr

Received 28 March 2016 Revised 6 May 2016 Accepted 18 May 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was designed to identify the differences of individual disease related characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, health promoting behavior between colorectal cancer patients and the general public.

Methods

Seventy newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 72 healthy adults from the general population were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire on their disease related characteristics, behavior specific cognitions and affect, health promoting behavior from April to September 2011. Independent two sample t-test analysis was used to compare the two groups.

Results

There were significant differences in family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer, history of colon polyps lifetime tobacco usage, amount of daily smoking, frequencies of alcohol consumption over a year, constipation, interval of bowel movements, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived health status, health locus of control, and health promotion behaviors between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study suggests that nursing professionals need to consider family history of colon polyp or colorectal cancer, history of colon polyps, tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, constipation and frequency of bowel movements in developing a colorectal cancer prevention program. Strategies to increase health promotion behavior and behavior-specific cognitions and affect factors including perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived health status, health locus of control should be included in colorectal cancer prevention programs.

Keywords: Health Promotion, Colorectal Neoplasms

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Homogeneity of General Characteristics

Characteristics	Categories	CCP group (n=70)	GP group (n=72)	χ² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	χ² or t	p
Age (year)		63.1±9.98	63.2±9.11	1.07	.304
	<60	25 (35.7)	26 (36.1)	0.12	0.94
	60~<70	27 (38.6)	26 (36.1)
	≥70	18 (25.7)	20 (27.8)
Gender	Male	44 (62.9)	40 (55.6)	0.78	.376
Gender	Female	26 (37.1)	32 (44.4)	0.78	.376
Marital status	Single	6 (8.6)	5 (6.9)	0.13	.717
Marital status	Married	64 (91.4)	67 (93.1)	0.13	.717
Education	Elementary school	27 (38.6)	35 (48.6)	5.09	.079
	Middle school	31 (44.3)	19 (26.4)
	≥Highschool	12 (17.1)	18 (25.0)
Religion	Protestant	21 (30.0)	24 (33.3)	1.88	.598
	Catholic	13 (18.6)	13 (18.1)
	Buddhism	13 (18.6)	18 (25.0)
	Other	23 (32.8)	17 (23.6)
Employment status	Employed	18 (25.7)	28 (38.9)	2.81	.094
Employment status	Not employed	52 (74.3)	44 (61.1)	2.81	.094

CCP= Colorectal cancer patient; GP= General public.

Table 2

Differences in Disease related Characteristics between Two Groups

Characteristics	Categories	CCP group (n=70)	GP group (n=72)	χ² or F	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	χ² or F	p
Family history of colon polyp or colorectal cancer	Yes	16 (23.9)	5 (6.9)	7.76	.005
Family history of colon polyp or colorectal cancer	No	51 (76.1)	67 (93.1)	7.76	.005
History of colon polyp	Yes	11 (15.7)	3 (4.2)	5.33	.021
History of colon polyp	No	59 (84.3)	69 (95.8)	5.33	.021
Lifetime tobacco usage (pack)	<5	0 (0.0)	8 (11.1)	9.02^*	0.01
	≥5	40 (57.1)	34 (47.2)
	None	30 (42.9)	30 (41.7)
Amount of daily smoking (pack)	Presently no smoking	30 (48.4)	24 (42.8)	11.76	.008
	<1/2	3 (4.8)	15 (26.8)
	≥1/2~<1	24 (38.7)	15 (26.8)
	≥1	5 (8.1)	2 (3.6)
Frequencies of alcohol consumption over a year (time)	None	21 (30.0)	25 (34.7)	15.21^*	.007
	<1/month	4 (5.7)	2 (2.8)
	1/month	5 (7.1)	13 (18.1)
	2~4/month	22 (31.4)	28 (38.8)
	2~3/week	12 (17.2)	4 (5.6)
	≥4/week	6 (8.6)	0 (0.0)
Alcohol consumption per each drink (standard drinking unit)	1~2	6 (11.3)	6 (12.5)	3.67^*	.455
	3~4	16 (30.2)	21 (43.8)
	5~6	4 (7.5)	4 (8.3)
	7~9	25 (47.2)	17 (35.4)
	≥10	2 (3.8)	0 (0.0)
Constipation	Severe	26 (37.1)	9 (12.5)	52.24	<.001
	Moderate	23 (32.9)	0 (0.0)
	No	21 (30.0)	63 (87.5)
Interval of bowel movement (day)	Everyday	11 (15.7)	42 (58.3)	43.43^*	<.001
	2	27 (38.5)	26 (36.1)
	3~4	16 (22.9)	4 (5.6)
	5~7	10 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
	>7	6 (8.6)	0 (0.0)

^*Fisher's exact test; CCP= Colorectal cancer patient; GP= General public.

Table 3

Differences in Behavior-specific Cognitions and affect between Two Groups

Variables	CCP group (n=70)	GP group (n=72)	t	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Perceived benefits	3.01±0.35	3.47±0.23	9.24	<.001
Perceived barriers	2.60±0.40	1.82±0.30	-13.04	<.001
Self-efficacy	56.10±9.98	69.24±6.00	9.46	<.001
Self-esteem	2.79±0.33	3.27±0.26	9.55	<.001
Perceived health status	8.50±1.56	11.14±1.05	11.81	<.001
Health locus of control	3.15±0.30	4.00±0.28	17.55	<.001

CCP= Colorectal cancer patient; GP= General public.

Table 4

Differences in Health Promoting Behavior between Two Groups

Variables	CCP group (n=70)	GP group (n=72)	t	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Health promoting behavior total	2.38±0.32	3.04±0.25	13.96	<.001
Nutrition	2.47±0.28	3.02±0.24	12.24	<.001
Interpersonal relations	2.61±0.44	3.26±0.36	9.63	<.001
Spiritual growth	2.31±0.34	3.01±0.34	12.29	<.001
Stress management	2.13±0.41	2.68±0.43	7.76	<.001
Health responsibility	2.31±0.43	3.14±0.28	13.70	<.001
Physical activity	2.53±0.47	3.27±0.32	11.11	<.001

CCP= Colorectal cancer patient; GP= General public.

Notes

This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis from Sungshin Women's University.

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