Development and Effects of Cancer Prevention Program for Nursing Students

Youn Na Lee; In Soo Kwon

doi:10.5388/aon.2016.16.4.185

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Lee and Kwon: Development and Effects of Cancer Prevention Program for Nursing Students

Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2016; 16(4): 185-196.

Published online: 31 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2016.16.4.185

Development and Effects of Cancer Prevention Program for Nursing Students

Youn Na Lee¹, In Soo Kwon²

¹Department of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kwon, In Soo. College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, 15, Jinju-daero 816 beongil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-8236, Fax: +82-55-772-8209, iskwon@gnu.ac.kr

Received 8 October 2016 Revised 19 December 2016 Accepted 19 December 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the effects of a cancer prevention program for nursing students.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 53 nursing students (intervention group: 26, control group: 27). The cancer prevention program was provided for 3 weeks (3 sessions, 6 hours). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.

Results

Compared with the control group, nursing students in the cancer prevention program group showed significant differences in perceived benefits (F=6.98, p=.001), perceived self-efficacy (F=16.00, p<.001), activity related affect (F=14.01, p<.001) and health behavior for cancer prevention (F=16.59, p<.001).

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that the cancer prevention program for nursing students is effective and can be recommended as an intervention for improving the health behavior of cancer prevention in nursing students.

Keywords: Neoplasms, Prevention, Health, Behavior

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Research design.

Table 1

Construction of Health Behavior Education Program for Cancer Prevention

Session (duration)	Contents (duration)	Teaching methods	Expectation of effect
1st (180 min)	1. Small group of configuration (10 min)		• Increase of perceived benefits • Decrease of perceived barriers • Increase of perceived selfefficacy
	- Small group of configuration and introduction
	- Health behavior education program for cancer prevention introduction
	2. Small group of announcement and discussion (15 min)	Small group of announcement and discussion
	- Need of health behavior for cancer prevention, way of practice	Small group of announcement and discussion
	3. Cancer of pathological physiology and dynamics (30 min)	Lecture Watching video
	4. National cancer prevention (10 min)	Lecture
	5. Health behavior for cancer prevention (100 min)	Measurement Lecture Watching video Talk about experience
	- No smoking, proper dietary habit, moderation in drinking, physical activity, normal weight, prevention of infection, cancer screening (self examination): Introduced measurement and way of practice	Measurement Lecture Watching video Talk about experience
	6. Health behavior for cancer prevention! Resolution (10 min)	Talking
	7. Learning theorem and task presentation (5 min)
2nd (120 min)	1. Small group of announcement (20 min)	Small group of announcement and discussion	• Increase of perceived benefits • Decrease of perceived barriers • Increase of perceived selfefficacy • Increase of activity related affect • Decrease of situational influences
	- Talking about health behavior for cancer prevention experience	Small group of announcement and discussion
	2. Health behavior for cancer prevention (90 min)	Lecture Watching video Role play OX Quiz (group) Talk about experience Demonstration and practice
	- No smoking: If i am...., Quiz
	- Proper dietary habit: Healthy eating... Quiz
	- Moderation in drinking: If i am...., Quiz
	- Normal weight: Quiz
	- Physical activity: My physical activity?
	- Prevention of infection: To prevent infection... Quiz, How to use condoms
	- Cancer screening (self examination): Quiz, Breast self examination
	3. Cancer! Prevention can do with health behavior (5 min)	Talking
	4. Learning theorem and task presentation (5 min)
3rd (60 min)	1. Small group of announcement (20 min)	Small group of announcement and discussion	• Increase of perceived benefits • Decrease of perceived barriers • Increase of perceived self-efficacy • Increase of activity related affect
	- Talking about health behavior for cancer prevention experience	Small group of announcement and discussion
	2. Imagine a future (10 min)	Talking
	3. Resolve to health behavior for cancer prevention (10 min)	Talking
	4. Write a letter to my future (10 min)	Letter writing
	5. To finish the program (10 min)

Table 2

General Characteristics and Homogeneity of General Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=53)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=26)	Cont. (n=27)	χ² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	χ² or t	p
Age (year)		20.7±3.4	20.0±3.1	0.82	.419
Residence type	Own house	13 (50.0)	12 (44.4)	0.16	.786
Residence type	Dormitory/self-boarding	13 (50.0)	15 (55.6)	0.16	.786
Family’s economic status	Middle	22 (84.6)	25 (92.6)	0.84^*	.420
Family’s economic status	Low	4 (15.4)	2 (7.4)	0.84^*	.420
Academic achievement	High	3 (11.5)	4 (14.8)	1.37^*	.505
	Middle	20 (77.0)	17 (63.0)
	Low	3 (11.5)	6 (22.2)
Perceived health state	Healthy	8 (30.8)	14 (51.9)	2.62^*	.270
	Good	15 (57.7)	10 (37.0)
	Poor	3 (11.5)	3 (11.1)
Interest in health	Interested	7 (26.9)	11 (40.7)	1.33^*	.515
	Generally	17 (65.4)	15 (55.6)
	Not interested	2 (7.7)	1 (3.7)
Fear on cancer development	Very much	3 (11.5)	1 (3.7)	1.25^*	.534
	Moderate	15 (57.7)	18 (66.7)
	Not at all	8 (30.8)	8 (29.6)
Family history^†	Yes	6 (23.1)	4 (14.8)	0.59^*	.501
Family history^†	No	20 (76.9)	23 (85.2)	0.59^*	.501
Education experience^‡	Yes	0 (0.0)	3 (11.1)	3.06^*	.236
Education experience^‡	No	26 (100.0)	24 (88.9)	3.06^*	.236
Regular check up^§	Yes	9 (34.6)	9 (33.3)	0.01	1.000
Regular check up^§	No	17 (65.4)	18 (66.7)	0.01	1.000
Drinking state	Currently drink	25 (96.2)	26 (96.3)	3.06^*	.236
Drinking state	Do not drink	1 (3.8)	1 (3.7)	3.06^*	.236
Regular exercise	Yes	4 (15.4)	4 (14.8)	0.00^*	1.000
Regular exercise	No	22 (84.6)	23 (85.2)	0.00^*	1.000
Smoking state	Current smoking	2 (7.7)	1 (3.7)	1.34^*	.513
	Past smoking	0 (0.0)	1 (3.7)
	None	24 (92.3)	25 (92.6)

^*Fisher's exact test; ^†Family history of cancer previous 10 years; ^‡Education experience for cancer prevention previous 1 year; ^§Regular check up experience for previous 1 year; Exp.= Experimental group; Cont.= Control group.

Table 3

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Variables	Exp. (n=26)			Cont. (n=27)			t	p
Variables	M±SD	Min	Max	M±SD	Min	Max	t	p
Perceived benefits	4.22±0.48	3.09	5.00	4.34±0.69	1.82	5.00	−0.73	.468
Perceived benefits	2.79±0.52	1.67	3.89	2.85±0.60	1.67	4.67	−0.40	.692
Perceived self-efficacy	2.76±0.54	1.38	3.88	2.93±0.70	1.12	3.94	−1.04	.307
Activity related affect	3.21±0.45	2.00	4.18	3.53±0.56	2.00	4.64	−1.26	.052
Situational influences	3.33±0.47	2.38	4.50	3.29±0.62	1.88	4.38	−0.23	.817
Health behavior for cancer prevention	3.08±0.45	1.93	4.03	3.18±0.35	2.40	3.87	−0.97	.335

Exp.= Experimental group; Cont.= Control group.

Table 4

Effect of Health Behavior Education Program for Cancer Prevention (N=53)

Variables	Groups	Pretest	Posttest 1	Posttest 2	Pre-Post 1	Pre-Post 2	Source	F	p	Sphericity test W (p)
Variables	Groups	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t (p)	t (p)	Source	F	p	Sphericity test W (p)
Perceived benefits	Exp.	4.22±0.48	4.47±0.46	4.44±0.38	−4.14 (<.001)	−2.96 (.004)	Group	0.43	.257	.95 (.277)
	Cont.	4.34±0.69	4.23±0.83	4.25±0.73	1.64 (.057)	1.10 (.142)	Time	1.10	.169
							G×T	6.98	<.001
Perceived barriers	Exp.	2.79±0.52	2.65±0.50	2.62±0.50	1.49 (.075)	1.57 (.065)	Group	5.42	.012	.99 (.702)
	Cont.	2.85±0.60	3.05±0.69	3.08±0.54	−1.84 (.039)	−2.26 (.016)	Time	0.15	.430
							G×T	4.66	.006
Perceived self efficacy	Exp.	2.76±9.41	3.19±0.58	3.26±0.56	−4.40 (<.001)	−4.28 (<.001)	Group	1.20	.139	.89 (.056)
	Cont.	2.93±0.70	2.86±0.74	2.85±0.77	1.43 (.083)	1.28 (.106)	Time	7.86	<.001
							G×T	16.00	<.001
Activity related affect	Exp.	3.21±0.45	3.70±0.41	3.65±0.50	−5.86 (<.001)	−4.93 (<.001)	Group	0.01	.461	.92 (.117)
	Cont.	3.53±0.56	3.47±0.55	3.52±0.58	1.10 (.141)	0.08 (.468)	Time	10.51	<.001
							G×T	14.01	<.001
Situational influences	Exp.	3.33±0.47	3.28±0.58	3.24±0.62	0.53 (.300)	0.71 (.242)	Group	0.10	.375	.89 (.057)
	Cont.	3.29±0.62	3.31±0.65	3.38±0.59	−0.16 (.439)	−0.76 (.229)	Time	0.02	.490
							G×T	0.69	.253
Health behavior for cancer prevention	Exp.	3.08±0.45	3.38±0.43	3.48±0.48	−5.71 (<.001)	−6.86 (<.001)	Group	1.01	.160	.98 (.673)
	Cont.	3.18±0.35	3.21±0.32	3.24±0.29	−0.94 (.178)	−1.61 (.060)	Time	27.81	<.001
							G×T	16.59	<.001

Exp.= Experimental group (n= 26); Cont.= Control group (n= 27); G×t= Group×Time; Pre= Pretest; Post= Posttest.

Notes

This article is a revision of the first author's doctoral thesis from Gyeongsang National University.

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