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Choi, Lee, Park, Jun, and Choi: Development and an Evaluation of Educational Program for Nurse Professionals: Cultural Competency in Cancer Prevention
Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2016; 16(2): 112-120.

Published online: 30 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2016.16.2.112

Development and an Evaluation of Educational Program for Nurse Professionals: Cultural Competency in Cancer Prevention

Kyung Sook Choi1, So Young Lee1, Yeonwoo Park1, Myunghee Jun2, Jeeyae Choi3

1Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

2College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA.

3Department of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, USA.

Address reprint requests to: Jun, Myunghee. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 7109 Sauk Circle, Mequon WI 53092, USA. Tel: +1-414-639-5562, Fax: +82-2-824-7961, jun2@uwm.edu

Received 8 June 2016       Revised 26 June 2016       Accepted 27 June 2016

© 2016 Korean Oncology Nursing Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a nursing educational program improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention.

Methods

An eight-hour long educational program was developed based on several preliminary research projects, one ethnography and three quantitative projects, to identify the educational needs among nursing students and professionals in Korea. Thirty two nursing professionals were recruited for a one group pretest-posttest design. Three questionnaires were used to measure cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention, cultural competency and perceived importance of nurses' quality.

Results

After completing the educational program, the clinical nurses showed a significant change in the mean score of the cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention from 4.78±2.01 to 8.81±1.52 (t=−8.48, p<.001) and the level of the cultural competency from 72.47±8.96 to 83.59±8.61 (t=−6.16, p<.001). Clinical nurses' perception of 'Communication ability with patients and family members' changed from 6th to 2nd most importance but 'Having a passion for the patient care' remained the most important perceived factor of nurses' quality after completing the educational program.

Conclusion

The educational program developed was effective in improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention. However, it needs to be improved more to be culturally specific to multi-cultural clients.

Keywords: Cultural Competency, Neoplasms, Prevention, Early Detection of Cancer, Nurses

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Subjects, Level of Cultural Nursing Knowledge about Cancer Prevention and Cultural (N=32)

aon-16-112-i001
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD Knowledge Cultural Competency
M±SD χ2 or t or z p M±SD χ2 or t or z p
Gender Female 31 (96.9) 4.77±2.04 -0.06* 1.00 72.55±0.91 -0.33 .813
Male 1 (3.1) 5.00±0.00 70.00±0.00
Age (year) ≤45 12 (37.5) 5.25±1.36 1.02 .315 73.33±7.04 0.42 .679
>45 20 (62.5) 4.50±2.31 71.95±10.07
45.3±12.56
Job Professor 19 (59.4) 4.37±2.36 1.43 .161 73.21±.10.34 -0.56 .580
Clinical or community nurses 13 (40.6) 5.38±1.19 71.38±6.69
Religion Have 22 (68.8) 4.95±2.06 0.72 .479 72.09±9.55 -0.35 .730
Not have 10 (31.3) 4.40±1.96 73.30±9.90
Marriage Yes 21 (65.6) 4.62±2.06 -0.62 .537 72.05±8.91 -0.36 .720
No 11 (43.4) 5.09±1.97 73.27±9.41
Education BSN or master degree 14 (43.8) 5.36±1.15 1.45 .156 71.79±6.60 -0.38 .710
PhD 18 (56.3) 4.33±2.43 73.00±10.39
Residential region Seoul 16 (50.0) 5.19±1.47 1.15 .260 73.69±6.46 0.77 .450
Non-Seoul 16 (50.0) 4.38±2.42 71.25±10.99
Years of nursing career (year) ≤13 19 (59.4) 5.02±1.81 0.92 .365 72.05±5.67 -0.38 .710
>13 13 (40.6) 4.38±2.29 73.00±10.59
13.32±9.70
Experience of multi-cultural education Yes 14 (43.8) 5.21±1.81 1.08 .290 71.29±10.24 -0.65 .519
No 18 (56.3) 4.44±2.15 73.39±8.00
Experience of providing multi-cultural care Yes 12 (37.5) 4.75±2.45 -0.07 .947 69.17±4.39 -1.66 .107
No 20 (62.5) 4.80±1.77 74.45±10.43
Preference of multi-cultural policy Melting pot 11 (34.4) 4.91±2.26 -0.26 .800 70.36±4.74 -0.96 .344
Cultural mosaic 21 (65.6) 4.71±1.93 73.57±10.46
Ultimate goal of nursing service MHD 5 (15.6) 5.20±2.59 3.67† .452 69.20±6.76 6.17 .186
PESWC 19 (59.4) 4.37±1.95 74.63±10.01
PTRD 4 (12.5) 6.50±1.91 72.00±4.83
IPNS 2 (6.3) 5.00±0.00 67.50±0.71
Others 2 (6.3) 4.00±1.41 66.00±5.66
Working for cancer prevention Yes 9 (28.1) 5.44±1.74 -0.92* .360 70.56±4.53 -0.07 .284
No 23 (71.9) 4.52±2.09 73.22±10.17
Having significant others with a breast or cervical cancer Yes 18 (56.3) 4.83±2.18 0.16 .871 73.11±7.63 0.45 .653
No 14 (43.8) 4.71±1.86 71.64±10.67
Have ever attend cancer screening within recent two years Yes 22 (68.8) 4.82±2.13 0.15 .881 72.68±10.12 0.20 .236
No 10 (31.3) 4.70±1.83 72.00±6.07
Total 32 (100.0) 4.78±2.01 73.47±8.96

*Mann-Whitney test; †Kruskal-Wallis test; MHD= Minimize of health disparity; PESWC= Physical, emotional, social wellbeing of the client; PTRD= Prevention, treatment, and restoration of the disease; IPNS= Improving professional nursing status.

Table 2

Mean Changes of the Scores of Cultural Nursing Knowledge about Cancer Prevention and Cultural Competency (N=32)

aon-16-112-i002
Variable (number of items) Range Before After df t p
M±SD M±SD
Knowledge (10) 0~10 4.78±2.01 8.81±1.52 31 -8.48 <.001
Cultural competency (22) 22~110 72.47±8.96 83.59±8.61 31 -6.16 <.001
Sub-scale Awareness & desire (9) 9~45 30.94±4.49 36.06±3.96 31 -6.41 <.001
Encounter (4) 4~20 12.41±2.78 13.91±31.25 31 -2.23 .033
Nursing skill and knowledge (9) 9~45 29.13±3.56 33.63±3.91 31 -6.09 <.001
Table 3

The Change of the Importance of the Nurses'Quality (N=32)

aon-16-112-i003
Variables Before After Rank
M±SD M±SD Pre Post
Having a passion for the patient care 4.63±0.61 4.75±0.51 1 1
Displaying the technical skills 4.63±0.61 4.50±0.62 1 7
Having the professional nursing knowledge 4.59±0.56 4.59±0.61 3 3
Demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics 4.56±0.62 4.56±0.67 4 4
Keeping the collaborative relationship with co-workers 4.56±0.56 4.53±0.62 4 5
Communicating ability with patients and family members 4.53±0.67 4.66±0.55 6 2
Maintaining physical health for herself or himself 4.44±0.76 4.53±0.62 7 5
Contributing to the nursing advancement 4.09±0.82 4.22±0.71 8 8
Teaching and researching ability 3.84±0.63 4.00±0.72 9 9
Having a sense of humor 3.53±0.80 3.66±0.79 10 10

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