Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Hye Sook Kim; Myungsun Yi

doi:10.5388/aon.2015.15.1.9

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Kim and Yi: Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2015; 15(1): 9-17.

Published online: 31 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2015.15.1.9

Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Hye Sook Kim¹, Myungsun Yi²

¹College of Nursing, Graduate School of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing & Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Hye Sook. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8836, Fax: +82-2-766-1852, sook82@snu.ac.kr

Received 6 January 2015 Revised 12 March 2015 Accepted 27 March 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in Korean patients with multiple myeloma and to identify factors influencing their quality of life.

Methods

The study design was a crosssectional descriptive study. The participants were 92 multiple myeloma patients who visited the outpatient department at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from January to April in 2013 with self-reporting questionnaires.

Results

The mean scores of quality of life in all dimensions were relatively low. Fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression were all correlated to the global heath/quality of life, functional quality of life, and symptom quality of life (p<.001). Fatigue, pain and depression accounted for 65.1% (p<.001) in global health/quality of life and 73.6% (p<.001) in functional quality of life, respectively. And fatigue and pain accounted for 66.4% (p<.001) in symptom quality of life.

Conclusion

The results of the study showed that fatigue, pain and depression were major predictors of quality of life for patients with multiple myeloma. Therefore, psychological symptoms, such as depression, and physical symptoms should be integrated into the nursing intervention to improve their quality of life.

Keywords: Quality of Life, Fatigue, Pain, Anxiety, Depression

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Demographic and Illness-related Characteristics and Quality of Life by Them (N=92)

General characteristics	n (%)	Global health/QoL			Functional QoL			Symptom QoL
General characteristics	n (%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	Duncan	M±SD	t or F (p)	Duncan	M±SD	t or F (p)	Duncan
Demographic characteristics
Gender
Male	45 (48.9)	45.2 ± 20.1	0.34 (.184)		66.2 ± 18.9	1.27 (.862)		32.8 ± 17.7	- 0.16 (.519)
Female	47 (51.1)	43.9 ± 17.2	0.34 (.184)		61.3 ± 18.3	1.27 (.862)		33.3 ± 16.8	- 0.16 (.519)
Age (year)
≤49	8 (8.7)	42.0 ± 25.4	1.82 (.149)		64.9 ± 24.9	0.78 (.508)		31.9 ± 18.2	0.44 (.725)
50~59	28 (30.4)	50.5 ± 16.6			67.2 ± 18.1			31.5 ± 15.2
60~69	42 (45.7)	43.5 ± 17.6			63.1 ± 17.6			32.8 ± 19.0
≥70	14 (14.2)	37.2 ± 19.4			58.0 ± 19.7			37.8 ± 15.1
Education
≤Middle school	15 (16.3)	36.7 ± 17.9	3.93 (.023)	A	51.2 ± 19.9	5.94 (.004)	A	43.8 ± 16.5	5.44 (.006)	A
High school	38 (41.3)	41.7 ± 16.1		AB	62.7 ± 15.8		B	34.4 ± 14.7		B
≥College	39 (42.4)	50.4 ± 19.8		B	69.6 ± 18.7		B	29.0 ± 18.3		B
Religion
Yes	66 (71.7)	44.0 ± 16.5	- 0.37 (.005)		63.9 ± 17.8	0.14 (.117)		32.4 ± 15.9	- 0.56 (.027)
No	26 (28.3)	45.9 ± 23.4	- 0.37 (.005)		63.3 ± 21.1	0.14 (.117)		34.8 ± 20.2	- 0.56 (.027)
Spouse
Yes	81 (88.0)	46.6 ± 17.1	2.32 (.040)		65.4 ± 18.1	2.36 (.036)		31.8 ± 16.9	1.98 (.071)
No	11 (12.0)	29.9 ± 23.0	2.32 (.040)		51.2 ± 18.9	2.36 (.036)		42.5 ± 16.9	1.98 (.071)
Employment
Yes	22 (24.9)	51.6 ± 24.1	1.69 (.013)		76.7 ± 18.6	4.02 (.303)		28.0 ± 18.4	- 2.61 (.310)
No	70 (76.1)	42.3 ± 16.1	1.69 (.013)		59.7 ± 16.9	4.02 (.303)		35.6 ± 16.0	- 2.61 (.310)
PES
High	8 (8.7)	54.5 ± 17.9	3.38 (.038)	A	73.4 ± 17.6	6.93 (.002)	A	19.9 ± 16.0	6.04 (.003)	A
Middle	58 (64.1)	46.2 ± 18.2		AB	67.0 ± 17.4		A	31.4 ± 16.5		B
Low	25 (27.2)	37.4 ± 18.0		B	52.9 ± 18.0		B	41.2 ± 15.8		B
Illness-related characteristics
TSD (year)
<2	32 (34.8)	40.6 ± 17.8	1.20 (.314)		63.2 ± 19.4	0.05 (.985)		36.5 ± 14.9	1.16 (.330)
2 ≤ <4	22 (23.9)	50.3 ± 19.4			63.8 ± 22.3			32.6 ± 22.1
4 ≤ <6	19 (20.7)	44.0 ± 15.8			63.1 ± 14.7			33.5 ± 14.0
≥6	19 (20.7)	45.1 ± 21.0			65.2 ± 17.8			27.3 ± 16.7
Current treatment
Yes	62 (67.4)	40.2 ± 15.6	3.08 (.004)		60.8 ± 17.2	2.09 (.042)		37.9 ± 15.8	3.89 (<.001)
No	30 (32.6)	53.6 ± 21.1	3.08 (.004)		69.8 ± 20.4	2.09 (.042)		23.0 ± 17.9	3.89 (<.001)
Comorbidity
Yes	60 (65.2)	44.9 (18.9)	0.22 (.741)		64.4 (19.0)	0.48 (.548)		32.3 (18.3)	- 0.57 (.227)
No	32 (34.8)	44.0 (18.3)	0.22 (.741)		62.4 (18.3)	0.48 (.548)		34.5 (15.0)	- 0.57 (.227)

PES=Perceived economic status; TSD=Time since diagnosis.

Table 2

Scores of Fatigue, Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life (N=92)

Symptom	Possible range	Min	Max	M±SD
Fatigue	0~52	7	51	31.90±11.00
Pain	0~10	0	8	3.78±2.61
Anxiety	0~21	0	17	6.80±4.01
Depression	0~21	0	19	7.76±3.86
Quality of life
Global health status	0~100	0	85.70	44.60±18.60
Functional	0~100	0	100	63.70±18.70
Symptom	0~100	0	100	33.10±17.10

Table 3

Correlations among Fatigue, Pain, Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life (N=92)

Variable		Fatigue	Pain	Anxiety	Depression	Quality of life
		Fatigue	Pain	Anxiety	Depression	Global health	Functional	Symptom
		r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Pain		- .50 (<.001)	-
Anxiety		- .68 (<.001)	.33 (<.001)	-
Depression		- .78 (<.001)	.49 (<.001)	.74 (<.001)	-
Quality of life	Global health	.74 (<.001)	- .63 (<.001)	- .57 (<.001)	- .71 (<.001)	-
	Functional	.81 (<.001)	- .57 (<.001)	- .69 (<.001)	- .79 (<.001)	.71 (<.001)	-
	Symptom	- .77 (<.001)	.63 (<.001)	.55 (<.001)	.66 (<.001)	- .71 (<.001)	- .80 (<.001)	-

Table 4

Factors Influencing Quality of Life (N=92)

Variable		B	SE	ß	t	p	Tolerance	VIF	Adj. R²	F
Global health/QoL	(Constant)	43.33	8.94		4.85	<.001				57.47
	Fatigue	0.62	0.17	0.37	3.63	<.001	0.38	2.65	.536
	Pain	- 2.26	0.52	- 0.32	- 4.37	<.001	0.72	1.38	.626
	Depression	- 1.30	0.48	- 0.27	- 2.70	.008	0.39	2.59	.651
Functional QoL	(Constant)	57.65	7.81		7.39	<.001				85.52
	Fatigue	0.76	0.15	0.45	5.08	<.001	0.38	2.65	.656
	Pain	- 1.17	0.45	- 0.16	- 2.58	.012	0.72	1.38	.719
	Depression	- 1.77	0.42	- 0.37	- 4.23	<.001	0.39	2.59	.736
Symptom QoL	(Constant)	55.16	4.75		11.60	<.001				90.77
	Fatigue	- 0.95	0.11	- 0.61	- 8.60	<.001	0.75	1.34	.587
	Pain	2.14	0.46	0.33	4.63	<.001	0.75	1.34	.664

Notes

This article is based on a part of the first author's master's thesis from Seoul National University.

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