Trends in Nursing Research on Children and Adolescents with Cancer in Korea

Sang-Dol Kim; So-Eun Choi; Sun-Hee Choi

doi:10.5388/aon.2015.15.3.123

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Kim, Choi, and Choi: Trends in Nursing Research on Children and Adolescents with Cancer in Korea

Review Article

Asian Oncology Nursing 2015; 15(3): 123-131.

Published online: 30 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2015.15.3.123

Trends in Nursing Research on Children and Adolescents with Cancer in Korea

Sang-Dol Kim¹, So-Eun Choi², Sun-Hee Choi³

¹Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea.

³BMT Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Choi, So-Eun. Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Chenggye-myeon, Muan 58554, Korea. Tel: +82-61-450-2672, Fax: +82-61-450-2679, seami@mokpo.ac.kr

Received 5 August 2015 Revised 6 September 2015 Accepted 22 September 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify trends in nursing research on children and adolescents with cancer in Korea and suggest the direction for future research.

Methods

A COSI model was used to guide the search process between the years 1988 and 2014, using the keywords 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'leukemia', 'HSCT', 'BMT', 'children', 'adolescent' and 'nursing'.

Results

Of 104 papers, 10 were doctoral dissertations, 34 were master's theses and 60 were from academic journals. Quantitative research accounted for 91.3% while qualitative research accounted for 7.7%. The most frequently used research designs were quasi-experimental (84.6%) for experimental research and surveys (75.6%) for non-experimental research. As survival rates improved, the focus shifted to descriptive studies examining the adjustment of childhood cancer survivors.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this study suggest that future research should include more well-designed experimental studies and repeated studies to confirm the effect of previous study findings. Longitudinal studies are recommended to determine long-term child adjustment. Supporting systems and funding are required to help activate research of clinical nurses.

Keywords: Neoplasms, Child, Adolescent, Nursing Research, Trends

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Flow of included articles through the literature search.

Table 1

Characteristics of Reviewed Studies (N=104)

Characteristics	1988~1999	2000~2004	2005~2009	2010~2014	Total n (%)
Manuscript type					10 (9.6)
Doctoral dissertation	3	2	1	4
Master's thesis	8	10	10	6	34 (32.7)
Academic journal	13	14	19	14	60 (57.7)
Research design
Quantitative research
Experimental design
True experimental design				1	1 (1.0)
Quasi-experimental design	1	4	4	2	11 (10.6)
Pre-experimental design				1	1 (1.0)
Non-experimental design
Survey	18	16	17	11	62 (59.6)
Methodological research	1	2	5	2	10 (9.6)
Structure	1	3		1	5 (4.8)
Case study		1			1 (1.0)
Q-methodology	1		2		3 (2.9)
Literature review				1	1 (1.0)
Total	22	26	28	19	95 (91.3)
Qualitative research
Grounded theory			1	4	5 (4.8)
Phenomenological research	1				1 (1.0)
Ethnography research				1	1 (1.0)
Content analysis			1		1 (1.0)
Total	1		2	5	8 (7.7)
Triangulation	1				1 (1.0)
Data collection method^*
Questionnaire	21	23	21	16	81 (68.6)
Interview	8	2	7	5	22 (18.6)
Physiological measures		3	3	1	7 (5.1)
Observation	1	1		4	6 (5.1)
Medical records			1	1	2 (1.7)
Literature				1	1 (0.9)
Ethical consideration
Institutional Review Board (IRB)		2	8	20	30 (28.9)
Verbal consent	22	21	18	3	64 (61.5)
Not reported	2	3	4	1	10 (9.6)

^*Multiple response.

Table 2

Characteristics of Studies Published in the Academic Journal (N=60)

Characteristics	1988~1999	2000~2004	2005~2009	2010~2014	Total n (%)
Number of researchers
1	6	4	3	2	15 (25.0)
2	4	3	3	5	15 (25.0)
3~5	3	6	12	7	28 (46.7)
≥ 6		1	1		2 (3.3)
Occupation of first author
Professor	7	11	16	9	43 (71.7)
Nurse	3	2	3	5	13 (21.7)
Graduate student	3	1			4 (6.6)
Occupation of corresponding author
Professor		5	12	10	27 (84.4)
Nurse			1	2	3 (9.4)
Graduate student			2		2 (6.2)
Research fund supporting
Yes	2	3	9	4	18 (30.0)
No	11	11	10	10	42 (70.0)

Table 3

Participants Characteristics of Reviewed Studies (N=104)

Variables	Stress	Perception of occurrence risk of cancer	Cancer preventive health behavior
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Stress	1
Perception of occurrence risk of cancer	.40 (<.001)	1
Cancer preventive health behavior	.33 (<.001)	.31 (<.001)	1

^*Not applicable cases excluded; ^†Multiple response.

Table 4

Nursing Intervention and Dependent Variable of Experimental Research (N=13)

Year	Research design	Participants	Intervention	Dependent variable
1999	NCGNSD	Children with cancer	Supportive nursing intervention	Body image, self esteem
2000	NCGNSD	Children with chemotherapy	GM-CSF oral gargle	Oral ulcer
2000	NCGPPD	Children with chemotherapy	Muscle relaxation therapy	Nausea, vomiting, anxiety
2001	NCGPOD	Children with cancer	Oral cryotherapy	Nausea, vomiting, oral intake
2004	NCGPOD	Children with cancer	Acupressure	Nausea, vomiting, weight change
2005	NCGNSD	Children with leukemia	Hand massage	Nausea, vomiting, anxiety
2006	NCGPOD	Children with leukemia	Preeducation and health contract	Adaptability, anxiety
2006	NCGPPD	Pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	Evergreen exercise	Limb muscle area, strength, flexibility
2009	NCGNSD	Late adolescents with terminal cancer	Logotherapy	Meaning in life and QOL
2012	NCGNSD	Children with cancer	Oral care protocol	Oral mucositis
2012	Crossoverdesign	Children with cancer	EMLA cream	Pain perception and response
2013	NCGNSD	Early adolescents with cancer	Logotherapy	Meaning in life
2013	OPPD	Siblings of pediatric cancer patients	Art intervention	Self-esteem, Anxiety, depression, problem behavior

NCGPOD=nonequivalent control group posttest only design; NCGPPD=nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design; NCGNSD=nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design; OPPD=one-group pretest-posttest design; GM-CSF=Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; EMLA=Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics; QOL=Quality of life.

Notes

This study was supported by the National Mokpo University Annual Academic Fund in 2014. (No. 2014-0132).

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