Relationship among practicing healthy diet and metabolic syndrome indicators in adults - From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2014

Yun-Jung Bae

doi:10.4163/jnh.2016.49.6.459

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Bae: Relationship among practicing healthy diet and metabolic syndrome indicators in adults - From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2014

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2016; 49(6): 459-470.

Published online: 31 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.6.459

Relationship among practicing healthy diet and metabolic syndrome indicators in adults - From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2014

Yun-Jung Bae

Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-31-870-3572, byj@shinhan.ac.kr

Received 19 September 2016 Revised 12 October 2016 Accepted 10 November 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to identify the relationship between practicing healthy diet and metabolic syndrome indicators in Koreans.

Methods

This research is a cross-sectional study based on the 2013~2014 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. This study investigated 6,748 adults aged 19 to 64 yr (19~49 yr: n = 4,230, 50~64 yr: n = 2,518) to examine practice of healthy diet and metabolic syndrome indicators. In this study, according to practicing healthy diet, we classified subjects into the “Practicing healthy diet (PHD)” group (19~49 yr: n = 1,782, 50~64 yr: n = 937) and “Non-practicing healthy diet (NPHD)” group (19~49 yr: n = 2,448, 50~64 yr: n = 1,581). PHD score was determined by adding the number of practicing factors: adequate fat intake, sodium intake ≤ 2,000 mg/day, fruit & vegetable intake ≥ 500 g/day, and using nutrition label information in food selection.

Results

Female adults had a larger proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet compared to male adults (p < 0.001), and the percentages of 19~49 yr and 50~64 yr were 40.46% and 37.07%, respectively. The PHD group consumed significantly more calcium, vitamin B₁, B₂, and vitamin C density compared to the NPHD group. In 50~64 yr females, the subjects practicing healthy diet (PHD score ≥ 2) was inversely associated with risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54~0.93, p value = 0.0131) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52~0.94, p value = 0.0166) after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, compared with the lower PHD score (PHD score ≤ 1).

Conclusion

Good dietary practice such as adequate fat intake, sodium intake ≤ 2,000 mg/day, sufficient fruit & vegetable intake, and using nutrition label information in food selection could be useful in decreasing metabolic syndrome risk of Korean adults.

Keywords: practicing healthy diet, metabolic syndrome indicators, adults

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects

1) Data represent mean ± SE. 2) %

Body mass index variable has been age-adjusted.

Table 2

Status of practice healthy diet in the subjects

1) % 2) Proportion practicing healthy diet

Score is the number of parameters that met the target-specific values of practicing healthy diet.

Table 3

Sex distribution and general characteristics of the subjects according to the practicing healthy diet

1) % 2) Data represent mean ± SE.

Body mass index variable has been age and sex-adjusted.

Table 4

Dietary intakes of the subjects according to the practicing healthy diet

1) Data represents age and sex-adjusted mean ± SE.

Table 5

Metabolic syndrome indicators of the subjects according to the practicing healthy diet

1) Data represents age and sex-adjusted mean ± SE or %. 2) Data represents age-adjusted mean ± SE or %.

Table 6

ORs (95% CIs) of metabolic syndrome risk factors according to practicing healthy diet in adults

1) Model 1 unadjusted; Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, household income, education, smoking, alcohol frequency and energy intake

2) Model 1 unadjusted; Model 2 adjusted for age, household income, education, smoking, alcohol frequency and energy intake

Score is the number of parameters that met the target-specific values of practicing healthy diet.

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