Journal List > J Nutr Health > v.49(4) > 1081447

TOOLS
Yeon and Bae: Association of instant noodle intake with metabolic factors in Korea: Based on 2013~2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2016; 49(4): 247-257.

Published online: 31 August 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.4.247

Association of instant noodle intake with metabolic factors in Korea: Based on 2013~2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Jee-Young Yeon1, Yun-Jung Bae2

1Department of Food and Nutrition, Seowon University, Chongju, Chungbuk 28674, Korea.

2Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi 11644, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-31-870-3572, byj@shinhan.ac.kr

Received 25 May 2016       Revised 14 June 2016       Accepted 13 July 2016

© 2016 The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between instant noodle intake and metabolic factors in Korean adults.

Methods

Study subjects were 5,894 (male 2,293, female 3,601) aged 19~64 years who participated in the 2013~2014 KNHANES. Information on frequency and consumption of instant noodles was obtained by the food frequency questionnaires method in KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), and subjects were classified according to age, sex, and instant noodle consumption (INC).

Results

The frequency and consumption of instant noodles was 1.2 times/week and 1.2 servings in subjects. High INC group (≥ 1 serving/week) was significantly younger in age compared with the low INC group (< 1 serving/week). However, the high INC group had significantly higher waist circumference, metabolic factors (triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol), and dietary intake (energy intake, fat, and sodium density) compared with the low INC group. Hyperglycemia showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, gender, household income, education, smoking, and alcohol compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). In female, abdominal obesity showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2).

Conclusion

Consumption of instant noodles was associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia in women. These findings suggest an association of instant noodle consumption status with metabolic risk

Keywords: instant noodle, metabolic factors, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, adult

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects

jnh-49-247-i001

1) Data represent mean ± SE. 2) %

Table 2

The percentage of individuals in category of the frequency and portion size in the instant noodle consumption frequency questionnaire by age and sex group

jnh-49-247-i002

1) %

Table 3

The percentage of daily nutrient intakes from instant noodle consumption by age and sex group

jnh-49-247-i003

1) Mean value 2) p < .0001

Table 4

Characteristics of participants according to instant noodle intake1)

jnh-49-247-i004

1) Data represent age and sex-adjusted (total subject) or age-adjusted (male and female) mean ± SE, except for instant noodle intake and age.

Table 5

Dietary intakes of participants according to instant noodle intake1)

jnh-49-247-i005

1) Data represent age and sex-adjusted (total subject) or age-adjusted (male and female) mean ± SE. 2) %

Table 6

ORs (95% CIs) of metabolic risk factors according to instant noodles intake percentile in adults1)

jnh-49-247-i006

1) Model unadjusted; Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, household income, education, smoking, and alcohol; In model 2, ORs were separately reported in male and female.

References

1. World Instant Noodles Association (WINA). Global demand for instat noodles [Internet]. Osaka: Osaka: World Instant Noodles Association;2014. cited 2016 May 7. Available from: http://instantnoodles.org/en/noodles/market.html.
2. World Instant Noodles Association (WINA). Instant noodles at a glance [Internet]. Osaka: World Instant Noodles Association;2015. cited 2016 May 7. Available from: http://instantnoodles.org/en/noodles/report.html.
3. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2014: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2). Sejong: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2015.
4. Lee JS, Kim J, Hong KH, Jang YA, Park SH, Sohn YA, Chung HR. A comparison of food and nutrient intakes between instant noodle consumers and non-consumers among Korean children and adolescents. Korean J Nutr. 2009; 42(8):723–731.
crossref
5. Park J, Lee JS, Jang YA, Chung HR, Kim J. A comparison of food and nutrient intake between instant noodle consumers and noninstant noodle consumers in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract. 2011; 5(5):443–449.
crossref
6. Shin HJ, Cho E, Lee HJ, Fung TT, Rimm E, Rosner B, Manson JE, Wheelan K, Hu FB. Instant noodle intake and dietary patterns are associated with distinct cardiometabolic risk factors in Korea. J Nutr. 2014; 144(8):1247–1255.
crossref
7. Yu KJ, Jung HS, Yoon HH. A comprehensive study on the intake patterns and expenditures on ramyun among adults in metropolitan areas of Korea. Korean J Culinary Res. 2013; 19(1):204–214.
8. Jung HS, Yoon HH. Effects of instant noodle (Ramyun)'s selection attribution upon satisfaction: focus on children and adolescents. Korean J Food Cult. 2012; 27(1):49–56.
9. Kim YY, Bae YJ, Choi MK. Sodium content and daily intake of instant noodle in Korean adolescents and adults. Trace Elem Electrolytes. 2015; 32(4):197–203.
crossref
10. Kim HS, Lee EY, Kim K, Kim KW, Pyun J, Chung SJ, Kwon YH, Yeo I, Lee S, Nam K. Survey on dietary behaviors and intakes of instant noodle (Ramyeon) soup among college students. Korean J Community Nutr. 2013; 18(4):365–371.
crossref
11. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F. American Heart Association. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005; 112(17):2735–2752.
12. Lee S, Park HS, Kim SM, Kwon HS, Kim DY, Kim DJ, Cho GJ, Han JH, Kim SR, Park CY, Oh SJ, Lee CB, Kim KS, Oh SW, Kim YS, Choi WH, Yoo HJ. Cut-off points of waist circumference for defining abdominal obesity in the Korean population. Korean J Obes. 2006; 15(1):1–9.
13. Lee JE, Kim JH, Son SJ, Ahn Y, Lee J, Park C, Lee L, Erickson KL, Jung IK. Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and health-risk factors in Korean men. Nutrition. 2011; 27(1):26–33.
crossref
14. Kim JH, Kim BS, Park GY, Kim ES, Lee GH. Lipid content and fatty acid composition of commercial fatty processed food(II): fried instant noodle. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 1998; 27(1):35–37.
15. Yun EK, Heo YR, Lim HS. Effects of Sasa Borealis leaf extract on the glucose tolerance of major foods for carbohydrate. Korean J Nutr. 2010; 43(3):215–223.
16. Song S, Choi H, Lee S, Park JM, Kim BR, Paik HY, Song Y. Establishing a table of glycemic index values for common Korean foods and an evaluation of the dietary glycemic Index among the Korean adult population. Korean J Nutr. 2012; 45(1):80–93.
crossref
17. Wirfält E, Hedblad B, Gullberg B, Mattisson I, Andrén C, Rosander U, Janzon L, Berglund G. Food patterns and components of the metabolic syndrome in men and women: a cross-sectional study within the Malmö diet and cancer cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 154(12):1150–1159.
18. Woo HD, Shin A, Kim J. Dietary patterns of Korean adults and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2014; 9(11):e111593.
crossref
19. Ding EL, Song Y, Malik VS, Liu S. Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006; 295(11):1288–1299.
20. Carbone L, Johnson KC, Huang Y, Pettinger M, Thomas F, Cauley J, Crandall C, Tinker L, LeBoff MS, Wactawski-Wende J, Bethel M, Li W, Prentice R. Findings From the Women's Health Initiative. Sodium intake and osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(4):1414–1421.
21. Grimes CA, Bolhuis DP, He FJ, Nowson CA. Dietary sodium intake and overweight and obesity in children and adults: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2016; 5(1):7.
crossref
22. Provenzano LF, Stark S, Steenkiste A, Piraino B, Sevick MA. Dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2014; 32(3):106–112.
crossref
23. National Academy of Agricultural Science (KR). Korean standard food composition table, the 8th revision [Internet]. Jeonju: National Academy of Agricultural Science;2012. cited 2016 May 7. Available from: http://koreanfood.rda.go.kr/eng/fctFoodSrch-Eng/engMain.
24. Lee YN, Kim CI, Jang YA, Lee HS, Lee HJ, Moon JJ, Han KJ, Sohn JW. Development of food and nutrient database: food portion/ weight database [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Health Industry Development Institute;2007. cited 2016 May 7. Available from: http://www.khidi.or.kr/board/view?linkId=100456&menuId=MENU00085.
TOOLS
Similar articles