Journal List > J Nutr Health > v.48(1) > 1081427

Kim and Lim: Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers.

Methods

The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers

Results

NQ of the children was 66.8 ± 14.2, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was 78.8 ± 10.5 and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was 80.6 ± 9.4 and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Relationships between Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the scores of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers

jnh-48-58-g001
Table 1

General characteristics of the children

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1) BMI: body mass index 2) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 3) Different letters represent significant difference by Duncan's multiple range test among grades (p < 0.05).

Table 2

General characteristics of the children's mothers

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Table 3

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ), factors, and checklists of the children

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1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) Reverse scoring 3) Grade: Highest (1st, 100~80.9), High (2nd, 73.8~80.8), Medium (3rd, 56.5~73.7), Low (4th, 47.6~56.4), Lowest (5th, 0~47.5)

Table 4

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and factors of children by their grade, gender, and BMI

jnh-48-58-i004

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) Different letters represent significant difference by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05). 3) The symbol (*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05). 4) BMI: body mass index; Under weight (< 5 percentile), Normal (5~84 percentile), Over weight (85~94 percentile), Obesity (≥ 95 percentile)

Table 5

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and factors of children by the general characteristics of their mothers

jnh-48-58-i005

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 6

Score of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children

jnh-48-58-i006

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281)

Table 7

Score of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children by the general characteristics of their mothers

jnh-48-58-i007

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 8

Score of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of the children's mothers

jnh-48-58-i008

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281)

Table 9

Score of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of mothers by their general characteristics

jnh-48-58-i009

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

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