Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers

Jae Ran Kim; Hyeon-Sook Lim

doi:10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.58

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Kim and Lim: Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2015; 48(1): 58-70.

Published online: 28 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.58

Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers

Jae Ran Kim¹, Hyeon-Sook Lim^1,²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam 500-757, Korea.

²Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam 500-757, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-62-530-1332, limhs@jnu.ac.kr

Received 10 December 2014 Revised 9 January 2015 Accepted 23 January 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers.

Methods

The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers

Results

NQ of the children was 66.8 ± 14.2, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was 78.8 ± 10.5 and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was 80.6 ± 9.4 and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.

Keywords: Nutrition Quotient (NQ), Dietary Guidelines, children, mother

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Relationships between Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the scores of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers

Table 1

General characteristics of the children

1) BMI: body mass index 2) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 3) Different letters represent significant difference by Duncan's multiple range test among grades (p < 0.05).

Table 2

General characteristics of the children's mothers

Table 3

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ), factors, and checklists of the children

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) Reverse scoring 3) Grade: Highest (1st, 100~80.9), High (2nd, 73.8~80.8), Medium (3rd, 56.5~73.7), Low (4th, 47.6~56.4), Lowest (5th, 0~47.5)

Table 4

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and factors of children by their grade, gender, and BMI

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) Different letters represent significant difference by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05). 3) The symbol (^*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05). 4) BMI: body mass index; Under weight (< 5 percentile), Normal (5~84 percentile), Over weight (85~94 percentile), Obesity (≥ 95 percentile)

Table 5

Scores of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and factors of children by the general characteristics of their mothers

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (^*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 6

Score of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281)

Table 7

Score of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children by the general characteristics of their mothers

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (^*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 8

Score of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of the children's mothers

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281)

Table 9

Score of practicing the Dietary Guidelines of mothers by their general characteristics

1) Mean ± SD (n = 281) 2) The symbol (^*) represents significant difference by t-test (p < 0.05).

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